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1、常减压装置中常压塔设计摘要塔设备是化工，石油化工和炼油生产中最重要的设备之一。塔设备是大部分机械专业理论学习的重点设备，也是化工厂中常见的设备。随着石油，化工生产的迅速发展，塔设备在石油化工生产中投入所占的比例越来越大，占到大概百分之五十的比例。塔设备的性能，整个装置的产品产量，质量，生产能力和消耗定额，以及三废处理和环境保护方面都有重要意义。因此选择沥青装置常压塔设计。本文是以专业知识为基础，对六十万吨每年氧化沥青装置常压塔进行的设计计算，该塔可以在常压，一百五十摄氏度温度下工作。该塔设备为浮阀塔，优点
2、是生产能力高，操作弹性大，气液流动阻力较小，塔板效率较高，但浮阀装卸清洗较困难，造价高，总体来讲综合性能较好，可以在工业上得到普遍应用。塔设备的设计具有很强的综合性，尤其在塔的高度较高时，要注意考虑高振型以及横风向风振对塔设备的影响。当前板式塔应该以处理能力为第一目标，传质效率为第二目标，开发的重点集中在降液管结构改进，塔板空间合理利用，气液分散结构优化以及降低成本等方面的改进。关键词:常压塔；沥青装置；浮阀42DesignofatmospherictowerAbstractTowerequipmenti
3、nchemical,petrochemicalandoilrefiningproductionisoneofthemostimportantequipment.Towerequipmentiskeyequipmentwhichlearnedbymostmechanicalengineering,butalsocommonequipmentinchemicalfactory.Withtherapiddevelopmentofpetroleum,chemicalproduction,towerequipmen
4、tinpetrochemicalproductioninputaccountedforanincreasinglylargeproportionaboutfiftypercent.Performance,theentiredeviceproductyield,quality,productionandconsumption,andwastetreatmentandenvironmentalprotectionoftowerequipmenthasimportantsignificance.Soasphal
5、tunitatmosphericdistillationtowerdesignisthechoice.Thispaperisbasedontheprofessionalknowledgeasthebasis,todesignandcalculateofsixhundredthousandtonsperyearofasphaltoxidationdeviceatmospherictower,whichatatmosphericpressure,onehundredandfiftydegreesCelsius
6、temperature.Thetowerequipmentforthefloatvalvetower,hastheadvantagesofhighproductioncapacity,highoperatingflexibility,whichgas-liquidflowresistanceissmallandtheplateefficiencyishigher,buthandlingandcleaningfloatvalveismoredifficultandcostsmore,generallyspe
7、aking,thefloatvalvetower,whichcomprehensiveperformanceisgood,canbewidelyappliedinindustry.Towerequipmentdesignhastheverystrongcomprehensive,especiallyintheheightofthetowerishigh,andpayingattentiontohighvibrationmodeandcrosswindvibrationthathasainfluenceon
8、towerequipmentisamust.Thecurrenttowershouldtaketoprocessingcapacityasthefirstgoal,themasstransferefficiencyassecondgoal,focusinimprovementofstructureofdowncomerplate,reasonableuseinplatespace,optimizationofgas-liqui
