胡壮麟的语言学术语英汉对照翻译

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1、1.语言的普遍特征：任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性culturaltransmission2。语言的功能：传达信息功能informative人济功能：interpersonal行事功能：Performative表情功能：Emotive寒暄功能：Phatic娱乐功能recreational元语言功能metallingual3.语言学linguistics：包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学phonology形态学Morphology句

2、法学syntax语义学semantics语用学pragmatics4.现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinanddesaussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语languageandparole，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5.语法创始人：NoamChomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competenceandperformance1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribedisplacement.oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage:

3、a.wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguageb.wecanuseboth'shu'and'tree'todescribethesamething.c.wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresentd.wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.2.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?a.interpersonalb.phaticc.informatived.metallingual3.T

4、hefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?"is__ainformativeb.phaticc.directived.performative4.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedby__asaussureb.hallidayc.chomskyd.thepragueschool5.Whoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenlanguageandparole?a.saussureb.chomskyc.hallidaydanomymous第二节语音学1

5、.发音器官由声带thevocalcords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant：thereisanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音completeobstruction鼻音nasals破裂音plosives部分阻塞辅音partialobstruction擦音fricatives破擦音affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置，舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音diphthongs,有元音过渡vowelglides1.Ar

6、ticulatoryphoneticsmainlystudies__.a.thephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechb.theperceptionofsoundsc.thecombinationofsoundsd.theproductionofsounds2.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin__a.theplaceofarticulationb.theobstructionfairstreamc.thepositionofthetongued.theshapeofthelip

7、s3.Whatisthecommonfactorofthethreesounds:p,kta.voicelessb.spreadc.voicedd.nasal4.Whatphoneticfeaturedistinguishthepinpleaseandthepinspeak?a.voicingb.aspirationc.roundnessd.nasality5.Whichofthefollowingisnotadistinctive