振动噪声常用名词术语解释

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1、振动噪声常用名词术语解释振动：Theoscillatory(backandforth)motionofaphysicalobject.噪声：Anycomponentofatransducersignalwhichdoesnotrepresentthevariableintendedtobemeasured.固有频率（振动中最重要的概念）：Thefrequencyoffreevibrationofamechanicalsystematwhichaspecificnaturalmodeofthesystemelementsassumesits

2、maximumamplitude.强迫振动：Theresponsevibrationofamechanicalsystemduetoaforcingfunction(excitingforce).Typically,forcedvibrationhasthesamefrequencyasthatoftheexcitingforce.自由振动：Vibrationresponseofamechanicalsystemfollowinganimpulse-likeinitialperturbation(changeofposition,velo

3、cityorexternalforce).Dependingonthekindofperturbation,themechanicalsystemrespondswithfreevibrationsatoneormoreofitsnaturalfrequencies.绝对振动：Vibrationofanobjectasmeasuredrelativetoaninertial(fixed)referenceframe.Accelerometersandvelocitytransducersmeasureabsolutevibrationty

4、picallyofmachinehousingsorstructures;thustheyarereferredtoasseismictransducersorinertialtransducers.简谐振动：Sinusoidalvibrationwithasinglefrequencycomponent.赫兹：(Hz)Unitoffrequencymeasurementincyclespersecond.频率：Therepetitionrateofaperiodicvibrationperunitoftime.Vibrationfreq

5、uencyistypicallyexpressedinunitsofcyclespersecond(Hertz)orcyclesperminute(tomoreeasilyrelatetoshaftrotativespeedfrequency).Infact,sincemanycommonmachinemalfunctionsproducevibrationwhichhasafixedrelationshiptoshaftrotativespeed,vibrationfrequencyisoftenexpressedasafunction

6、ofshaftrotativespeed.1Xisavibrationwithafrequencyequaltoshaftrpm,2Xvibrationisattwiceshaftrpm,0.5Xvibrationwithafrequencyequaltoone-halfshaftrpm,etc.振幅：Themagnitudeofperiodicdynamicmotion(vibration).Amplitudeistypicallyexpressedintermsofsignallevel,e.g.,millivoltsormillia

7、mps,ortheengineeringunitsofthemeasuredvariable,e.g.,mils,micrometres(fordisplacement),inchespersecond(forvelocity),etc.Theamplitudeofasignalcanbemeasuredintermsofpeaktopeak,zerotopeak,rootmeansquare,oraverage.相位角：Thetimingrelationship,indegrees,betweentwovibrationsignals,

8、suchasaKeyphasor®pulseandavibrationsignal;also,thephasedifferencebetweentwosignals,suchastheinpu