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1、科技英语综合复习资料PartIReadingComprehension(阅读理解)Passage1Geologyisanaturalscience.Withitmencandiscoverallkindsofusefulminerals.Geologystudiestheearth.Butofthethreespheres,theatmosphere,thehydrosphereandthelithosphere,itonlydirectlystudiesthelithosphere.Itstudiesthecom
2、positionanddistributionofmaterialintheearth’scrust.Itstudiesalsotheformation,changesanddevelopmentofrocksandmineralsintheearth’scrust.Geologyisaverycomplexscience.Therearemanybranchesingeology.Mineralogyisthescienceoftheminerals.Petrologyisthescienceoftherocks
3、.Geomorphologydealswithoriginoflandscapesandchangesinthem.Historicalgeologytracestheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheearthandoftheanimalsandplantsonit.Stratigraphystudiesthesequenceoftherocksintheearth’scrust.Paleontologydealswiththeancientanimalsandplants.Theseare
4、justafewofthemostimportantbranchesofgeology.Geologyisaveryimportantscience.Wedependupongeologyforthediscoveryofmineraldepositsneededbythevariousindustries.Alotofmineralsareusedasfuelandrawmaterials.Withoutthemindustrializationisimpossible.Mineralsarealsousedas
5、fertilizersinagriculture.Chinaisveryrichinmineraldepositsofallkinds.Thestudyofgeologywillhelpustodiscoverthem.Petroleumoccurswidelyintheearthasgas,liquid,semisolid,orsolid,orinmorethanoneofthesestatesatasingleplace.Chemicallyanypetroleumisanextremelycomplexmix
6、tureofhydrocarbon(hydrogenandcarbon)compounds,withminoramountsofnitrogen,oxygen,andsulfurasimpurities.Liquidpetroleum,whichiscalledcrudeoiltodistinguishitfromrefinedoil,isthemostimportantcommercially.Itconsistschieflyoftheliquidhydrocarbons,withvaryingamountso
7、fdissolvedgases,bitumens,andimpurities.Petroleumgas,commonlycallednaturalgastodistinguishitfrommanufacturedgas,consistsofthelighterparaffinhydrocarbons,ofwhichthemostabundantismethanegas(CH4).Thesemisolidandsolidformsofpetroleumconsistoftheheavyhydrocarbonsand
8、bitumens.Geologyplaysanimportantroleinthesearchforoilandnaturalgas.Fourprerequisitesarenecessaryforoil(andgas)toaccumulateincommercialquantitiesinanarea:(1)Theoiloriginatesinasourc
