自考英语词汇学复习大纲自己整理

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1、Chapter1BasicConcepts基本概念1.1thedefinitionofaword（hedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints:(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage;(2)asoundunity;(3)aunitofmeaning;(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningands

2、yntacticfunction.）1.2soundandmeaning：symbolicconnectionisalmostalwaysarbitraryandconventional.Adogiscalledadognotbecausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordjustautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.1.Noenoughletters:alphabetfromlatin2.Pronunciationchangedmo

3、rerapidly3.Earlyscribes:changespellingforeasierrecognition4.Borrowing:differentrulesofpronunciationandspelling1.3soundandform：allnationalcharacter全民性stability稳定性productivity多产性polysemy一词多义collocability搭配性obviouscharacteristics明显的特点1.4vocabularybyusefrequency按使用频率分：b

4、asicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary基本词汇和非基本词汇bynotion按概念分：contentwordsandfunctionalwords实义词和功能词byorigin按起源分：nativewordsandborrowedwords本地词和外来词basicwordstock基本词汇nonbasicvocabulary非基本词汇1.5classificationofwordsneutralinstyle文体上中性frequentinuse使用频繁nativewords本地词borrowedwo

5、rds外来词terminology术语jargon行话slang俚语argon黑话dialectalwords方言词archaism古语词neologism新词denizens同化词aliens异形词translation-loans译借词semantic-loans借义词词汇分类Chapter2DevelopmentPrussian普鲁士语Lithuanian立陶宛语Polish波兰语Czech捷克语Bulgarian保加利亚语Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语Russian俄语Easternset：东部诸语族：Westerns

6、et：西部诸语族：Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3,000(someputit5,000)languages,whichcanbegroupedintoroughly300languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar.Balto-Slavic波罗的海-斯拉夫语Indo-Iranian印度-伊朗语Armenian亚美尼亚语Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语Persian波斯语Bengali孟

7、加拉国语Hindi印地语Romany普吉赛语Scottish苏格兰语Irish爱尔兰语Welsh威尔士语Breton布里多尼语2.1Indo-European印欧语Celtic凯尔特语Italic意大利语Hellenic希腊语——GreekGermanic日耳曼语Portuguese葡萄牙语Spanish西班牙语French法语Italian意大利语Roumanian罗马尼亚语Latin拉丁语言Norwegian挪威语Icelandic冰岛语Danish丹麦语Swedish瑞典语German德语Dutch荷兰语Flemish佛

8、兰德语English英语Scandinavianlanguages斯堪的纳维亚语50000-60000words5万~6万间词汇Highlyinflected高度转折complexendings复杂的结尾vowelchanges元音变化OldEnglish(450--1150