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1、Unit3CelebrationsSectionⅣGrammar走近新课·一起感知写出句中画线部分被动语态的构成形式1.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.2.Thelostboywassenthomebythepolice.3.Theroadisbeingrepairednow.一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词4.Theproblemhasbeensolvedalready.5.Shefoundshewasbeingfollo
2、wedbyastranger.现在完成时have/has+been+动词的过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+动词的过去分词语法探究·一起思考知识脉络语法精讲被动语态动词的语态主要分为两种:主动语态与被动语态。主动语态指主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,两者为主动关系;被动语态指主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者,两者为被动关系。Ihavedonethejob.(主动句)Thejobhasbeendonebyme.(被动句)1.被动语态根据时态的不同,可分为以下几种常用类型:一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were
3、+done现在进行时am/is/are+beingdone过去进行时was/were+beingdone现在完成时have/has+beendone过去完成时had+beendone一般将来时shall/will+bedone过去将来时would/should+bedone2.被动语态的特殊情况(1)双宾语的被动语态含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时,既可把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词to或for。Hegavemeapen.→Iwasgivenapenbyhim.→Apenwasgiv
4、entomebyhim.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.→Theyweredrawnapictureyesterday.→Apicturewasdrawnforthemyesterday.注意give,pass,lend,show,tell等动词后的介词用to。draw,buy,keep等动词后的介词用for。(2)复合宾语的被动语态若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变为“宾语做主语,宾语补足语变主语补足语”。IaskedhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.→Hewasaskedtohelpme
5、withmyEnglish.注意感官动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to,但变被动句时to必须还原。Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.→Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursadaybytheboss.类似的词有:ask,tell,invent,expect,warn,advise,make,let,hear,see,watch,feel,notice但类似seesbdoingsth的句子时则这样变:Iheardhimreadingintheroom.→Hewasheardreadinginth
6、eroombyme.(3)短语动词的被动语态有些短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态。但要注意,短语动词是一个不可分割的词组,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。Theteacherstakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bytheteachers).Theyhavesentforthedoctor.→Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.(4)含有情动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Wemustplanttrees.→Treesmu
7、stbeplanted.(5)不能用被动语态的七种情况①不及物动词及部分短语动词(takeplace;happen;breakout;belongto)没有被动语态。Thestoryhappenedin1999.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.Thedictionarybelongstome.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.=ThemeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.②表状态的动词(cost;last;take;have;sell;fit;become等)不能用于被动语态。Thep
8、encostsfiveyuan.Coldweatherlastslong.Thiskindof
