机化学方程式归纳

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1、有机化学方程式归纳一、取代反应R-H+X2R-X+HXCH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl+HO-NO2NO2+H2O+Br2Br+HBrCH3-CH2-Br+H2OCH3CH2OH+HBr2CH3─CH2OHC2H5OC2H5+H2O二、加成反应CH2=CH2+H2CH3─CH3CH2=CH2+H2CH3─CH3CH2=CH2+HCl→CH3─CH2ClCH2=CH2+H2OCH3─CH2OHCHCH+H2CH2=CH2CHCH+2H2CH3

2、─CH3CHCH+HClCH2=CHCl+3H2RCHO+H2R─CH2OHCH3CHO+H2CH3─CH2OHOH+3H2OH(C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2(C17H35COO)3C3H5三、氧化反应CxHy+(x+)O2xCO2+H2OCH4+2O2CO2+2H2O2CH2=CH2+O22CH3CHO2C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O2C6H6+15O212CO2+6H2O2CH3─CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOHRCHO+2Cu(OH)2R─COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2OCH3CHO+2

3、Cu(OH)2CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2OCH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+2H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2Ag+4NH3+H2O四、水解反应CH3-CH2-Br+H2OCH3─CH2OH+HBrRCOOR'+H2ORCOOH+HOR'RCOOR'+NaOHRCOONa+HOR'CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOH+C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5+NaOHCH3COONa+C2H5OH(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3H2O

4、3C17H35COOH+C3H5(OH)3(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+C3H5(OH)3(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6（淀粉）（葡萄糖）C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6（蔗糖）　　　(葡萄糖)(果糖)C12H22O11+H2O2C6H12O6（麦芽糖）　　（葡萄糖）(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6（纤维素）（葡萄糖）五、酯化反应CH3COOH+HOC2H5CH3COOC2H5+H2ORCOOH+HOR'RCOOR'+H2OCH3COOH+H18OC2H5

5、CH3CO18OC2H5+H2O3C17H35COOH+C3H5(OH)3(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3H2O六、消去反应CnH2n+1X+NaOHCnH2n+NaX+H2OCH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2OCH3─CH2OHCH2=CH2+H2O七、加聚反应nCH2=CH2［—CH2—CH2］—n八、缩聚反应nHO-CH2-CH2-COOH［—O-CH2-CH2-C］—n+nH2O九、裂化反应CH4C+2H2C16H34C8H18+C8H16C8H18C4H10+C4H8C4H10C2H6+C2H4C4H10CH4

6、+C3H6十、置换反应2CH3─CH2OH+2Na2CH3─CH2ONa+H2↑2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑十一、其它反应OH+NaOHONa+H2OONa+CO2+H2OOH+NaHCO3CH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O2CH3COOH+CuO(CH3COO)2Cu+H2O2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O有机离子反应2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)22CH3COO－+Cu2++2H2O2CH3COOH+CaOCa2++2CH3COO－+H2O2CH

7、3COOH+ZnZn2++H2↑+2CH3COO－2CH3COOH+CaCO3Ca2++2CH3COO－+CO2↑+H2OO-+CO2+H2OOH+HCO3-