资源描述:
《最新5-中药与方剂翻译解析教学讲义PPT课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、5-中药与方剂翻译解析1方药常用术语方剂prescription,recipe,formula方剂学Prescriptionologyscienceforstudyingprescriptions七方是方剂分类的合称。指七种组成不同的方剂。见《伤寒明理论》。即大、小、急、缓、奇、偶、复等七方。详各条。《素问·至真要大论》:“治有缓急,方有大小”,“君一臣二,奇之制也;君二臣四,偶之制也”,“奇之不去则偶之,是谓重方。”至金代成无己才将其总结为七方。七方说明处方立法,应按照病情缓急,病位上下,适当配伍药物,并斟酌剂量等,作为制方依据,逐渐演变而成七方。即大、小方,缓、急方;奇、偶方或复方。
2、一般指处方中药味多或量大者为大方,反之为小方;用药和缓,或长期服用的方剂为缓方,反之为急方,单味药或奇数药的为奇方,反之为偶方;数方组合的方剂为复方1方药常用术语剂型prescriptiontypes1.汤剂(decoction)2.散剂(powder)3.丸剂(bolus,pellet,pill)蜜丸honeyedbolus水丸waterpellet/water-pastepill糊丸pastepill濃縮丸condensedpellet1方药常用术语剂型prescriptiontypes(续)4.膏剂(extract,ointmentandplaster)浸膏extract流浸膏li
3、quidextract煎膏decoctedpaste软膏ointment,paste硬膏plaster5.丹剂(elixir,dan)6.酒剂(medicatedwine,vinum)7.茶剂(medicatedtea)8.药露(distilledmedicinalwater/medicinaldew)1方药常用术语剂型prescriptiontypes(续)9.錠剂、餅剂(lozenge,pastille,trocheandmedicatedcake)10.片剂(tablet)11.糖漿剂(syrup)12.沖剂(granule,infusion)13.灸剂(moxa)14.針剂(in
4、jection)15.栓剂(suppository)16.胶囊剂(capsule)1方药常用术语配伍composition/combination配伍禁忌contradictionofcompatibility七情sevenfeatures/sevenmedicinalrelations單行singleapplication--stand-alonemedicinal相須mutualpromotion/reinforcement相使mutualenhancement/assistance相畏mutualrestraint相恶inhibition相杀detoxification相反anta
5、gonism1方药常用术语炮制processing漂bleaching煨toasting蒸steaming泡soaking炒frying蒸露distillation水飛refiningwithwater烘baking煮boiling煅charring,calcining焙mildheating淬quenching炮roasting炙fryingwithliquids/mix-fry熬simmering2方剂命名与翻译2.1以方中主要药物命名a)以主药一味命名麻黃汤(EphedraDecoction)桂枝汤(CinnamonTwigDecoction)b)以主药二味命名桑菊饮(Mulber
6、ryLeafandChrysanthemumBeverage)银翘散(LoniceraandForsythiaPowder)c)以三味主药命名麻黄连翹赤小豆汤(Ephedra,ForsythiaandRiceBeanDecoction)2方剂命名与翻译2.2以方中全部組成药物命名a)按組成各味药物全名命名麻黃杏仁石膏甘草汤(麻杏石甘汤)Ephedra,ApricotKernel,GypsumandLicoriceDecoctionMaxingShiganDecoction2方剂命名与翻译2.2以方中全部組成药物命名b)取組成药品中各一個字命名参桂朮甘汤Ginseng,CinnamonTw
7、ig,BigheadAtractylodesandLicoriceDecoctionShenguiZhuganDecoction参苓白朮散Ginseng,PoriaandBigheadAtractylodesPowderShenlingBaizhuPowder2方剂命名与翻译2.2以方中全部組成药物命名(续)c)按組成药物味數命名四物汤FourAgentsDecoction六味汤Six-IngredientDecoctiond)按組