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1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况Chapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况TheRiseandFallofthe BritishEmpireTheFoundingoftheNationITransitiontotheModernAgeIIIIIBritainSinceWorldwarIIIVAdditionalInformationVCONTENTTheFoundingoftheNationI1.2FeudalSociety1.1Ro
2、manBritainandtheAnglo-Saxons1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-Saxons1.1.1PrehistoricPeriod(historyundocumented)9,000yearsagopartofE-Continent3,000BCIberians(Stonehenge)StonehengeItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumentinBritainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.PeoplebeganbuildingStonehengea
3、bout5,000yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-SaxonsThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic,ScottishGaelic,Welsh)1.1.2CelticBritain(8th—5thCenturyBC)Firstinvasion—InAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondrai
4、din54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—Germanicattackin Rome,forcingallRoman troopstoleaveBritain, andthusendingthe Romanoccupationof theisland.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thCentury)Capableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads)BuildingofL
5、ondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”Buildingofroads1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thCentury)1.1.4TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion (5th—8thCentury)Germanicpeople(theJutesfromJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGermany)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguageRomanChristianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianityt
6、oBritainfromRomeandbecomesArchbishopofCanterbury1.1.5DanishInvasion(8thCentury—1066)theVikings(fromtheScandinaviancountries:Norway,DenmarkandSweden)AlfredtheGreat,kingofWessexApeacetreaty:theeasternhalfoftheislandwastobesubjecttotheDanishlawandcometobeknownastheDanelawFrom1016to1042,undertherul
7、eofDanishkings.In1042,theEnglishthronewasreturnedtotheAnglo-SaxonsWestminsterAbbey,builtin1052,bythepenultimateKingofEngland,theEdwardtheConfessor(1042-1066)1.1.5DanishInvasion(8thCentury—1066)In1066,EdwardchoseHaroldofWessextobeK
