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ID:62121913
大小:3.96 MB
页数:65页
时间:2021-04-17
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1、小明的一天猜一猜儿歌:滴嗒滴嗒,滴嗒滴嗒,铛铛铛……滴嗒滴嗒,滴嗒滴嗒,铛铛铛……会走没有腿,会说没有嘴,它会告诉我们,什么时候起,什么时候睡。猜猜这是什么?钟表各式各样的钟表指针式数字式121234567891011钟面通过观察你发现了钟面上有什么?长又细的是分针12个数短又粗的是时针分针时针121234567891011钟面12个数怎么排列呢?126931278910111234561278910111234569时4时半写作:9:004:30小明的一天7时8时9时半12时4时8时半8时8:007时7:009时半9
2、:304时4:008时半8:3012时12:008时8:007时7:004时4:0012时12:00整时分针指着12,时针指着几就是几时!9时1278910111234561278910111234562时1.说出钟面所表示的时间。9时半9:308时半8:30半时分针长长指着6,半时:(走过几,必须到两个数的中间)时针走过几,就是几时半!1278910111234561278910111234562时半10时半说出钟面所表示的时间。127891011123456127891011123456拨一拨7时半12时半游戏:你
3、说我拨游戏规则:同桌互相合作。先左边同桌说几时,右边同桌拨。交换进行。小明的一天安排真合理。1.认一认3时3:003时半3:305时5:006时半6:302.连一连TheNewsvendorModel报童模型“Toomuch”and“toolittle”costsCo=overagecostThecostoforderingonemoreunitthanwhatyouwouldhaveorderedhadyouknowndemand.Inotherwords,supposeyouhadleftoverinventory
4、(i.e.,youoverordered).Coistheincreaseinprofityouwouldhaveenjoyedhadyouorderedonefewerunit.Cu=underagecostThecostoforderingonefewerunitthanwhatyouwouldhaveorderedhadyouknowndemand.Inotherwords,supposeyouhadlostsales(i.e.,youunderordered).Cuistheincreaseinprofityo
5、uwouldhaveenjoyedhadyouorderedonemoreunit.BalancingtheriskandbenefitoforderingaunitOrderingonemoreunitincreasesthechanceofoverage…ExpectedlossontheQthunit=CoxF(Q)F(Q)=Distributionfunctionofdemand=Prob{Demand<=Q)…butthebenefit/gainoforderingonemoreunitisthereduct
6、ioninthechanceofunderage:ExpectedgainontheQthunit=Cux(1-F(Q))Asmoreunitsareordered,theexpectedbenefitfromorderingoneunitdecreaseswhiletheexpectedlossoforderingonemoreunitincreases.NewsvendorexpectedprofitmaximizingorderquantityTomaximizeexpectedprofitorderQunits
7、sothattheexpectedlossontheQthunitequalstheexpectedgainontheQthunit:Rearrangetermsintheaboveequation->TheratioCu/(Co+Cu)iscalledthecriticalratio.(临界比或关键比例)Hence,tomaximizeprofit,chooseQsuchthatwedon’thavelostsales(i.e.,demandisQorlower)withaprobabilitythatequalst
8、hecriticalratioTheNewsvendorModel:Performancemeasures绩效指标NewsvendormodelperformancemeasuresForanyorderquantitywewouldliketoevaluatethefollowingperformancemeasures:E
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