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1、fortreatingTearTrough-SacramentoState：治疗泪槽-萨克拉门托州立RoleofvisualedgesGanzfeld/wholefield:lightfallingonretinawithnovisualstructure;eventually,perceptionisofauniformdarkgrayfieldInvoluntaryeyemovements:spontaneous,unconscious,unavoidablemovementsStabilizedretinalimage:Imagepresentedthroughcompu
2、tergogglessuchthatimagemovesinsuchawayastocanceloutinvoluntaryeyemovementsWhenastabilizedretinalimageisproduced,aganzfeld-likeexperienceresults-lightisstillthereandvisualedgesarepresent,buttemporaryblindnessstillresults!RoleofvisualedgesVersionmovements:lookingbackandforth.Saccades:rapidmove
3、mentfromonefixationpointtothenext(about100,000/day,nofatigue)Smoothpursuit:trackingamovingobject,smooth,slowVergencemovements:crossingyoureyes;veryslow,doublevisioncanresultifthere'saproblem,canbeadistancecue.Roleofvisualedges:illusioncausedbylateralinhibitionRoleofvisualedges:practicaleffec
4、toflateralinhibitionMachbands:Whenilluminationchangesrapidly,afaintdarkbandcanbeseenonthedarksideoftheedge,andafaintlightbandcanbeseenonthelightsideoftheedge.FillinginVisualsystemisprettysophisticatedabouthowitfillsinblindspots:Lashley'sscotoma(Scotoma=blindspotduetodamagetothevisualsystem)–
5、experiencedcontinuouspatternsinblindregionKrauskopf'sColorcircleexperiment:Greenring,redcircleinside.Redringstabilized(likestabilizedretinalimage,above),greenringnotstableontheretina.Redcircledisappeared,peoplesawasolidgreendisc.Lightnessconstancy,ratioprincipleAlbedo:proportionoflightreflec
6、tedbackfromasurface.Generally,surfacesaren'treallywhiteorblack,theyjusthaveahighalbedo(reflectbackalotofthelightshiningonthem)oralowalbedo(reflectbacklittleofthelightshiningonthem).Increasingthelightshiningonanobjectincreasesthelightreflectedback.Lightnessconstancymeansthat,generally,you'rep
7、rettygoodatignoringthefactthatthelightnessreflectedbyanobjectisconstantlychanging(basedonambientlight).Lightnessconstancy,ratioprincipleGelb'sexperimenttookadvantageofthis:Bysecretlyshiningalotoflightonablackdisk(onadarkbackground),hemadetheblackdi
