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1、最新DigestivesystemOralcavity:口腔消化系统-药学医学精品资料OralcavityFunctionsІ.Main1.Digestion(ingestion,mastication)2.MoisteningoffoodІІ.Additional1.Articulation2.Facialexpression3.Sensoryreception4.RespiratoryІ.Mucosa1.Еpithelium–stratifiedsquamousnonkeratinizedepithelium(180-600mkm)2.Lamina
2、propria–looseconnectivetissue3.Muscularismucosa-smoothmusculartissueІІ.Submucosa-looseconnectivetissue(glands)LipsHear-bearingskin:а)epitheliumstratifiedsquamouskeratinized(4layers)b)laminapropria(looseconnectivetissuewithhairfolliclessweatandsebaceousglands)2.Transitional(vermi
3、lion):external(smooth)andinternalzone3.Mucosalа)epitheliumstratifiedsquamousnonkeratinizedb)laminapropria(papillae)c)submucosaPalateSeparatesoralandnasalcavityІ.HardpalateZones1.Adipose2.Mucous3.Marginal4.Middleline(epithelialbodies)ІІ.SoftpalateOralsurface(strutifiedsquamousnon
4、keratinizedepithelium)Nasalsurface(ciliatedepithelium)SalivaryglandsLarge(3pairs)+numerousminorFUNCTIONSІ.Exocrine(слиноутворення)1.Зволоженняїжі2.Дезінфекція3.Травлення4.АртикуляціяІІ.Endocrine(паротин,ІПФ,ФРЕ,ФРН,ВІП,глюкагон,калікреїн,ренін...)ІІІ.ExcretionІV.HomeostaticSaliv
5、a1.Water-99%2.Mineral(Na,K,Cа,Fe…)3.Organic(enzymes,mucous)Cells(leukocytes,epitheliocytes)MFU–ACINUSsecretorypotion+intrecallatedduct+striatedductParotidglandSubmandibularglandsubmandibularSublingualglandTonsilsLymphepithelialringofPirogov-Waldeier7tonsils:2tubular,2palatine,li
6、ngual,pharyngeal,laryngealFunctions1.Protective2.ImmuneІ.Mucosa:а)epitheliumstratifiedsquamousnonkeratinizedinfiltratedb)laminapropria–looseconnectivetissuewithBlymphocytes)ІІ.Submucosa–septae,capsuleІІІ.Musculartunicskeletalmuscle盾构机的姿态控制及纠偏一、姿态控制1、姿态控制基本原则以隧道轴线为目标,根据自动测量显示的轴线偏
7、差和偏差趋势,把偏差控制在设计范围内,同时在掘进过程中进行盾构姿态调整确保不破坏管片。通俗的说就是“保头护尾”2、盾构机方向控制通过分组油缸的推进力和推进行程从而实现盾构的左转、右转、抬头、低头和直行。方向控制要点1)控制基点:以盾尾位置为控制基点2)调节量控制:一环掘进调节10mm较为合理,线性最佳。3)趋势调节:趋势调节不能变化太大,急于纠偏,大趋势变化由大方位变化而来。4)铰接操作:铰接油缸位置总处于最大伸出与最小缩回行程之和。满足铰接弯曲二、姿态控制技术1、盾构机滚动控制1)改变刀盘旋转方向2)改变管片拼装左右交叉先后顺序3)调整两腰推进油缸轴
8、线,使其与盾构机轴线不平行。4)当旋转量较大时可在切口环和支撑环内单边加压重2、盾构机上下倾斜