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1、2颈部解剖课件一、概述境界：内容：January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG颈部分区：项部固有颈部（颈部）颈前区胸锁乳突肌区颈侧区January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG1.颈阔肌起点：三角肌和胸大
2、肌表面的筋膜。止点：口角颈阔肌深面有浅静脉和皮神经。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG2.浅静脉①颈前静脉注入颈外静脉②颈外静脉注入锁骨下静脉或静脉角January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG
3、3.皮神经(1)为颈丛的皮支:①颈横神经②耳大神经③枕小神经④锁骨上神经颈部麻醉点：(2)面神经颈支January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG三、颈部深筋膜分浅、中、深三层。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUa
4、ndYFSONG包裹二肌二腺，形成肌鞘和腺鞘。二肌：斜方肌胸锁乳突肌二腺：下颌下腺腮腺1.深筋膜浅层（封套筋膜）January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG位于舌骨下肌群的后方，上附于舌骨，下续纤维性心包，分二层包绕甲状腺，形成甲状腺鞘。2.深筋膜中层（气管前筋膜）January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedici
5、ne,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG上自颅底，下续前纵韧带与胸内筋膜，并向下外包绕腋血管及臂丛，形成腋鞘。3.深层（椎前筋膜）January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG为包绕颈部大血管和迷走神经的筋膜鞘。颈动脉鞘：January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,Scho
6、olofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG颈动脉鞘内上部有颈内动脉、下部有颈总动脉，颈内静脉位于动脉的外侧，迷走神经位于两者之间的后方。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG颈部的筋膜间隙：主要有：(1)胸骨上间隙(2)气管前间隙(3)咽后间隙(4)椎前间隙January,20
7、07Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG位于胸骨柄上方深筋膜浅层的二层之间。内有颈前静脉下段、颈静脉弓、淋巴结、脂肪组织等。(1)胸骨上间隙January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG位于气管前筋膜与气管之间。通向：向下
8、通上纵隔。(2)气管前间隙January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG①甲状腺下静脉②奇静脉丛③头臂干④甲状腺最
