托福阅读材料之鸽子的脑子中存在一副空间地图.docx

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1、智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读材料之鸽子的脑子中存在一副空间地图出国英语考试有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准托福阅读评分标准雅思和托福的区别Themysteryofhowapigeoncanalwaysfinditswaybackhomehasfinallybeensolved.Scientistsbelievethatpigeonshaveaspatialmapthatallowsthemtoflyinanunfamiliarterritoryandknowexactlywheretheyaregoing.Thefindingreplace

2、sthecurrenttheorythatpigeonscomparethecoordinatesoftheirlocationwiththoseofthehomeloftandthensystematicallyreducethedifferencebetweenthetwotofindtheirwayhome.Thisearliertheorylikensthenavigationofpigeonstothatofflyingrobots.ButexperimentscarriedoutattheUniversityofZurichhaveshown

3、thatpigeonspossesscognitivecapabilities.Inunknownareas,thescientistsclaimpigeonsrecognisewheretheyareinrelationtotheirhomeloftandareabletochoosetheirtargetsthemselves.HomingpigeonsandmigratorybirdsdeterminetheirflightdirectionwiththehelpoftheEarth’smagneticfield,thestarsandthepos

4、itionofthesun.NicoleBlaser,adoctoralstudentinbiologyattheUniversityofZurichproposedthetheorythatpigeonshaveaspatialunderstandingandknowledgeoftheirpositioninspacerelativetotheirhomeloft.Thistheorypresupposesatypeofmentalmapintheirbrainandthuscognitivecapabilities.Upuntilnow,there

5、hasnotbeenanyclearevidencetosupportthis.Fortheirexperiments,BlaserandhercolleaguesfittedhomingpigeonswithminiatureGPSloggersinordertomonitorthebirds’flightpaths.Beforehandtheresearcherstrainedthepigeonsnottoobtainfoodinthehomeloft,aswasnormallythecaseotherwise.‘Wefedthepigeonsina

6、secondloftaroundthirtykilometresaway,fromwheretheyeachhadtoflybacktotheirhomeloft’,saidBlaser,explainingthestructureoftheexperiment.Thescientiststhenbroughtthepigeonstoathirdplaceunknowntothepigeonsincompletelyunfamiliarterritory.Thisreleasesitewasinturn30kilometresfromthehomelof

7、tandthefoodloft.Naturalobstaclesobscuredvisualcontactbetweenthereleasesiteandthetwolofts.Onegroupofthepigeonswasallowedtoeatbeforeflyinghome.Theothergroupwaskepthungrybeforestartingoff.‘Wewantedtofindoutwhetherthehungrypigeonsflyfirsttothehomeloftandfromtheretothefoodloftorwhethe

8、rtheyareabletoflydirectlytothefoodloft,’