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1、Aristotle亚里士多德(384-322B.C.),Poetics《诗学》IntroductionAnalysisContributionsComparisonbetweenPlatoandAristotleThedifferencebetweenpoetryandhistoryUniversal&ParticularAristotle'sdefinitionof"poetry"Aristotle’sdefinitionoftragedyContentsIIntroduction前384前367前347前343前335前323前322出生求
2、学雅典离开雅典 （柏拉图死）成为亚历山 大王子老师重返雅典 创立学园再次离开雅典逝世“北方小驹”“教师生涯”“博学家”IIAnalysisComparisonbetweenPlatoandAristotle:WhileinTheRepublic,Platoconcludesthatsuchpeople,thepoets,mustbebanishedfromsociety,Aristotledefendsthepoets.WhilePlatoismainlyconcernedabouttheconceptsoftruth,morality,and
3、beauty,Aristotleapplieshisscientificmethodsofinvestigationtothestudyofliterature,focusingontheelementsorcharacteristicsofwhichaworkiscomposed."Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth”(吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理)IIAnalysisIIAnalysis柏拉图与亚里士多德的理论分歧ThedifferencebetweenpoetryandhistoryHistorianste
4、llwhathashappened.Poetstellthekindsofthingsthatmighthappen.Poetryisconcernedwithuniversaltruths,histroytreatsofparticularfacts.Poetryissomethingmorephilosophicalandmoreworthyofseriousattentionthanhistory.Universal&ParticularUniversalBytheuniversalAristotlemeanshowapersonofac
5、ertaintypewillonoccasionspeakoract,accordingtothelawofprobabilityornecessity;anditisthisuniversalityatwhichpoetryaimsinthenamessheattachestothepersonages.ParticularTheparticularis——forexmaple——whatAlcibiadesdidorsuffered.Aristotle'sdefinitionof"poetry"Poetics——atermwhichinGr
6、eekliterallymeans"making"andinthiscontextincludesdrama—comedy,tragedy,andthesatyrplay—aswellaslyricpoetry,epicpoetry,andthedithyramb-AsongsungtopraiseDionysus,theGodofwineandfertility.TheyaresimilarinthefactthattheyareallimitationsbutdifferentinthethreewaysthatAristotledescr
7、ibes.1.Theydifferinthemusicrhythm,harmony,meterandmelody.2.Thedifferenceofgoodnessinthecharacters.3.Thewaythecharactersarepresentedinwhichtheystayintherolethattheyaredescribingasanarrativeoractingasiftheyaredoingthethingsthatthecharactersaredoing.Comedy&TragedyBothtragedyand
8、comedyhadtheirfirstbeginningsinimprovisation.Tragedyoriginatedwiththosewhol
