英美国家概况.docx

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1、上册London:Londonisthelargestcitylocatedinthesouthofthecountry.ItisdominantinBritaininallsortsofways.ItistheculturalandbusinesscentreandtheheadquartersofthevastmajorityofBritain’sbigcompanies.Itisnotonlythefinancialcentreofthenation,butalsooneofthethreemajorin

2、ternationalfinancialcentersintheworld.TheAnglo-Saxons:TheyweretwogroupsofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddowninEnglandfromthe5thcentury.TheywereregardedastheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.TheBillofRightsof1689:In1688,KingJamesII’sdaughterMaryandherhus

3、bandWilliamwereinvitedbythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiestotakethethrone,onconditionthattheywouldrespecttherightsoftheParliament.TheBillofRightswaspassedin1689toensurethatthekingwouldneverbeabletoignoretheParliament.TheConstitution:BritainhasnowrittenConsti

4、tution.ThefoundationsoftheBritishstatearelaidoutinstatutelaw,whicharelawspassedbyParliament;thecommonlaws,whicharelawsestablishedthroughcommonpracticeinthecourts;andconventions.Romanticism:Roughlythefirstthirdofthe19thcenturymakesupEnglishliterature’sromanti

5、cperiod.Writersofromanticliteraturearemoreconcernedwithimaginationandfellingthanwiththepowerofreason.AvolumeofpoemscalledLyricalBalladswrittenbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgeisregardedastheromanticpoetry’s“DeclarationofIndependence.”Keats,Byronand

6、Shelley,thethreegreatpoets,broughttheRomanticMovementtoitsheight.ThespiritofRomanticismalsooccurredinthenovel.Modernism:ModernismreferstoaformofliteraturemainlywrittenbeforeWWII.Itischaracterizedbyahighdegreeofexperimentation.Itcanbeseenasareactionagainstthe

7、19thcenturyformsofRealism.Modernismwritersexpressthedifficultytheyseeinunderstandingandcommunicatinghowtheworldworks.Often,Modernistwritingseemsdisorganized,hardtounderstand.Itoftenportraystheactionfromtheviewpointofasingleconfusedindividual,ratherthanfromth

8、eviewpointofanall-knowingimpersonalnarratoroutsidetheaction.OneofthemostfamousEnglishModernistwritersisVirginiaWoolf.Grammarschool:ItisatypeofsecondaryschoolsinBritain.Grammarschoolsselectchildr