能源材料报告.ppt

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1、SomeMaterialsActivitiesFacingtheEnergyandEnvironmentalAreasinChinaLiHengdeProfessor,DepartmentofMSETsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084Outlines1.WorldenergystructureandtheseriousenergyproblemsthatChinaconfrontsinthenewcentury2.Materialsstudiesinfuelcells(particularlyFCEV’s)3.Materialsinnucle

2、arreactors4.Solarcells5.Materialsforautomotiveexhausttreatments1.WordEnergyStructureandtheSeriousProblemsinChina(1)WorldenergystructureAtpresent,themainsourceisfossilfuels(80%)Twooutlets:A.Electricity;B.TransportationThissituationbringtremendouspressures:quickconsumptionofenergyresource

3、petro:40years;naturalgas:62years;coal:200+yearsgreenhouseeffect,environmentalpollutionsConclusion:nonsustainability(2)ThewaysoutNuclear10%Hydraulic20%Newenergysources:fuelcells;solarenergy;windSecondarybatteries:Ni-Cd;Ni-MH;Li+(3)PressuresinChinaPopulationGDPTherateofincreaseofGDPThequic

4、kincreaseinenergydemandsThelimitedenergyresourcePopulationofChinaGDPgrowthGDPpercapitaChina’sGDPpercapitaisprojectedtoincreasefromcurrent1000USD(1997Dollars)to4200USDin2020andmorethan10000USDin2050,witharateof6.9%,thehighestgrowthrateintheDevelopingAsia.Challenges:lowenergyconsumptionper

5、capitaatpresentTheprimaryenergyconsumptionpercapitanowisaround1toncoalequivalent,onlyonetenthofthatfortheUnitedStates,onefifthofJapanorSouthKorea.Challenges:fastgrowthofenergydemandsChallenges:LimitedenergysupplyTheannualsupplycapabilityofprimaryenergyin2050couldreach3000Mtceatthemaximum

6、,2.2tonspercapita,providedthatallkindofprimaryenergyisexploreduptoitslimits.MaterialscanbeofgreathelpEnergysaving:Sisteels;NewlightingtechnologyRecyclingmaterialsHighTcsuperconductorcablesNewenergymaterials2.FuelCellsandFCV’sPrincipleTypesPEMcellsAnode,CathodeCrosssectionSinglecellhardwa

7、re(1)Principle(2)TypesFuelcelltypeOperationtemperaturePrimaryfueloxideProductApplicationAFCPEFC100oC100oCH2/O2H2O2H2/airSmallunits5-100kW(modular)-Transport-Space-Military-Storagesystem(renew)PAFC200oCNaturalgas/airSmallunits50-200kWMediumsizedunite1-50MW-CogenerationC