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1、摘要本次毕业论文主要是将一台C620型普通车床进行经济型数控改造设计,针对现有的普遍车床的缺点提出数控改装方案和单片机系统设计,提高加工精度和扩大机床使用范围,并提高生产率。论文说明了普通车床的数控化改造的设计过程,比较详细的介绍了C620机械改造部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。采用以8031为CPU的控制系统对信号进行处理,由I/O接口输出步进脉冲,经一级齿轮传动减速后,带动滚动丝杠转动,从而实现纵向、横向的进给运动。论文中车床改装设计如下:(1)机械部分的改装,包括纵向进给方向的改装和横向进给方向的改装。主要包括对滚珠丝杠螺母副及反应式步进电机的
2、计算选择及纵向、横向机构装配图方案的制定。(2)电气控制部分的设计,主要包括MCS-51系列单片机及8031单片机扩展芯片的选用和电气控制图的设计,数控系统采用MCS—51系列的8031单片机扩展系统。因为MCS—51系列的单片机具有集成度高、可靠性高、功能强、速度快、抗干扰能力强等优点。设计改造后的经济型数控机床具有定位、直线插补、顺逆圆弧插补、暂停、循环加工、公英制螺纹加工等功能,且加工质量稳定可靠。零件加工的适应性强,自动化程度高。关键词:数控;单片机;步进电机;滚珠丝杠;改造ABSTRACThemainthesisisaC620-typeCN
3、ClatheeconomictransformationofthedesignfortheshortcomingsoftheexistinggeneralmadeCNClatheconversionprogramandmicrocomputersystemdesign,higherprecisionandexpandtheuseofmachinetools,andincreaseproductivity.PaperdescribesthetransformationofCNCLathedesignprocess,amoredetaileddescri
4、ptionofthemechanicaltransformationofC620partofthedesignandnumericalcontrolpartsofthesystemdesign.Toadopta8031controlsystemfortheCPUtoprocessthesignalfromtheI/Ointerface,theoutputpulsesteppingthroughagearreducer,thedriverollingscrewrotation,Inordertoachieveverticalandhorizontalm
5、ovementofthefeed.Paperlathedesignmodificationsareasfollows:(1)modificationofthemechanicalparts,includingtheverticaldirectionoffeedconversionandhorizontaldirectionoffeedconversion.Includeballscrewpairandreactiontothesteppingmotorselectionandthecalculationofverticalandhorizontalb
6、odyassemblydrawingprogramdevelopment.(2)TheelectricalcontrolpartofthedesignincludeMCS-51MCU8031SeriesMCUandexpandingtheselectionofchipsandelectricalcontrolchartdesign,numericalcontrolsystemadoptsMCS-51seriesof8031micro-expansionsystem.BecausetheMCS-51familyofmicrocontrollerswit
7、hahighintegration,highreliability,strongfunction,highspeed,anti-interferenceabilityandsoon.Aftertransformation,theeconomicdesignofCNCmachinetoolswithapositioning,linearinterpolation,circularinterpolationgoodtimesorbad,pause,loopprocessing,processingandotherfunctionsofpublicInch
8、thread,andtheprocessingqualitystableandreliable.Partsp