资源描述:
《中考英语语法总复习大全.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、中考英语语法总复习大全第一篇词法一、名词(一)知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,theGreatWall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen,worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集吅体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材
2、料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work,time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表名词一览表种类专有名词London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina普通名词army,police,team,people物质名词water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand抽象名词happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest功用主语MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.表语Hisfatherisascientist.宾语Weloveo
3、urgreatmotherland.宾语补足语HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.定语Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.状语Thecarcosthim1000dollars.同位语MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.English,air,water,cotton,word[误]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsi
4、nthisshopisverygood.[析]物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。[误]Thesunrisesineast.[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.[析]在方向、方位前应用定冠词,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirectioninthepast,inthefuture[误]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone[析]在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词,如:theEnglishChannel英吆利海
5、峡thePanamaCanal巴拿马运河theSuezCanal苏伊士运河[误]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper[析]泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。[误]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.[析]一年四季前不用定冠词,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.[误]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.[
6、正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.[析]有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词,如:gotoschool上学,leaveschool(辍学),afterschool(放学),但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词,如例句中其父母来校不是上学,而是看望孩子,则要加定冠词。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去医院看望他的母亲。[误]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.[正]Iboug
7、htthesamedictionaryasshebought.[析]在惯用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。[误]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.[析]这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处,也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(击),pull(拉)…动词后应加人,再加介词on,by,in,w