塔的设计计算分离工程课程设计_烷烃精馏.doc

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1、四.塔的设计计算4.1.物料衡算物料的年处理量==405kmol/h（1）选正戊烷为轻关键组分，选正己烷为重关键组分，组分i0.390.210.180.221.0021.611.610.012.255.421.611.10.8033.500.59.212.221.90.6450.3310.02401.00000.0230.4200.5571.000（2）由安托因经验公式：㏑=A-单位kpa,T为开尔文温度。查化工热力学附录的相关数据：A=6.6895B=1339.4t=-19.03A=6.9835B=1549

2、.94t=-19.15(3)设塔顶温度=74℃，p=0.4Mpa组分i0.6450.3310.0241.000t=66℃1.50.640.26//0.4390.51700.091.046t=69℃1.530.680.28//0.4210.48690.0860.9939∴取塔底温度=69℃（4）设塔底温度=140℃p=0.4Mpa组分i0.02300.4200.5571.000t=107℃2.61.400.75/0.05980.5880.4171.063t=134℃2.471.320.69/0.056810.5

3、5440.38430.9945取塔底温度=137℃（5）以不清晰分割校核：以为关键组分，各组分平均相对挥发度，用泡点方程计算如下。组分i1.530.680.280.125.52.4310.455.12.471.320.694.21.8710.52=4.812.1310.5代入汉斯特别克公式得到=lg+﹛lg-lg﹜=-1.0607+2.44=7.44㏒-1.0607组分i4.812.1310.5/24.10.087/21.611.610.012.255.421.611.20.80.006133.610.49.

4、212.193921.800.6430.3330.0240.000181.0000.01830.42230.55941.000（6）塔顶温度=69℃，校核列表如下：组分i0.6430.3330.0240.000181.0001.530.680.280.14//0.42030.48970.08570.0.9970塔底温度=137℃，校核列表如下组分i0.02980.5300.4411.0005.12.31.230.62/0.068540.65190.27340.993844.2.最小理论塔板数===3.594块

5、4.3.确定回流比塔顶塔底平均温度t=(71+134)/2=102.5℃以庚烷为对比组分各组分的相对挥发度，p=0.4Mpa,t=102.5℃组分i3.21.40.650.32104.382.031采用泡点进料e=0,通过试差法求。取=（）/2=3.2组分i0.40.250.200.151.00104.382.031/3.20.5880.9280-0.347-0.0681.1012.60.54100.6152-0.7123-0.093750.35022.40.52630.5530-1.0973-0.1071-

6、0.12512.450.52980.5674-0.9667-0.1134-0.0171+1=+++=0.8026+0.8261-0.145=1.4836=0.4836,取=0.77374.4.塔理论板数利用莫尔坎经验公式，其中，y=0.5代入求得N=9块该塔平均操作温度t=102.5℃，=4.54.组分i∑Xfi0.40.250.200.151.000.110.120.180.20/Xfi×0.0440.030.0360.030.14=4.540.14=0.6356由奥康奈尔图查得总板数效率ηT=0.54实际

7、塔板数Na=NT/ηT=9/0.54=16.717块4.5.进料板位置：泡点进料可由柯克布莱德=1.14所以17=m+1.14m+1.即m=3.57，n=9-3.57=5.43。精馏段共5.43块精馏板，提馏段将进料板并入，扣除重沸器之后，共块4.43块理论板。精馏段实际塔板数：Na=n/ηT=4.43/0.54=8.29块。提馏段实际塔板数：Na=17-9=8块4.6.物料的性质计算(1)求气液负荷L=RD=0.7737×267.3=206.88kmol/hV=(R+1)D=1..3=474.27kmol/

8、hL′=L+F=206.88+405=611.88kmol/hV′=V=474.27Kmol/h(2)平均摩尔质量计算塔顶均摩尔质量计算组分i∑M587286100/0.6060.3640.030.000141.0000.37880.520.10340.1.003Mvdi35.14826.2082.580.01463.95Mldi21.970437.448.89240.107668.41塔底平均摩尔