最详细眼底病案例大全.ppt

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1、眼底病、眼与全身病ltjTheretinaThetermretinaderivesfromtheLatinwordrete,meaning"net.“Twofunctions:totransduceinformationfromanopticalimageintoelectricalsignalstoprocesscertainfeaturesofthevisualworldfromthephotoreceptorsignalsandrelaythisinformationtothebrainvi

2、atheopticnerveltj视网膜的组织学结构及功能神经上皮色素上皮---vitaminAmetabolismandregeneration---phagocytosisanddegradationofshedoutersegmenttips---lightabsorption---secretionofthematrixsurroundingthephotoreceptorinnerandoutersegments,---activetransportofmaterialsltj视网膜的血

3、液供应系统视网膜有独特的双重血液供应系统：脉络膜血管---供应外层视网膜视网膜血管---供应内层视网膜ltj血-视网膜屏障(Blood-retinalbarrier)InnerbarrierOuterbarrierltj正常眼底图ltj视网膜的病理视网膜异常血管视网膜出血视网膜水肿视网膜渗出视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离视网膜新生物（肿瘤)视网膜先天发育异常ltj思考题视网膜的组织结构，功能及血循环特点。临床常见的视网膜病理改变。ltj视网膜血管病RetinalVascularDiseases视网膜

4、静脉阻塞视网膜动脉阻塞视网膜血管瘤ltj视网膜静脉阻塞Retinalveinocclusion,RVO病因：多因素致病。Thepreciseetiologyofretinalveinocclusionisnotentirelyclear.a）血管壁的改变b）血液流变性改变c）血流动力学改变d）其他ltjRiskFactorsforRetinalVeinOcclusionIncreasedRiskSystemichypertensionDiabetesmellitusIncreasederythr

5、ocytesedimentationrate(womenonly)HistoryofglaucomaDecreasedRiskIncreasinglevelsofphysicalactivityExogenousestrogens(womenonly)Increasinglevelsofalcoholconsumption(DatafromTheEyeDiseaseCase-ControlStudyGroup:Riskfactorsforcentralretinalveinocclusion.）l

6、tj视网膜静脉阻塞Retinalveinocclusion,RVO分类：视网膜中央静脉阻塞centralretinalveinocclusion视网膜半侧静脉阻塞hemicentralretinalveinocclusion视网膜分支静脉阻塞branchretinalveinocclusion分型：完全阻塞---缺血型ischemictype不完全阻塞---非缺血型nonischemictypeltj视网膜中央静脉阻塞centralretinalveinocclusionAphysicalbloc

7、kageatthelevelofthelaminacribrosaltj视网膜半侧静脉阻塞hemicentralretinalveinocclusionltj视网膜分支静脉阻塞branchretinalveinocclusionltj临床表现视力：无痛性下降眼底：视网膜出血视网膜水肿，黄斑水肿视网膜渗出静脉迂曲、扩张视网膜中央静脉阻塞ltj视网膜中央静脉阻塞缺血型ischemictype非缺血型nonischemictypeltj治疗病因治疗：控制血糖，血压降低血粘度视网膜静脉阻塞治疗：药物，激光

8、，手术并发症治疗：黄斑水肿：激光光凝，玻璃体腔注射药物玻璃体出血：玻璃体切割术视网膜大片无灌注区及新生血管：激光光凝新生血管性青光眼：激光光凝，周边视网膜冷冻牵拉性视网膜脱离：玻璃体视网膜手术ltj视网膜动脉阻塞Retinalarteryocclusion,RAO病因血管壁受损，血管痉挛，栓子形成（胆固醇栓子，血小板纤维蛋白栓子，钙化栓子）分类CentralretinalarteryocclusionBranchretinalarteryocclusionCilioretinal