大学课件 化工原理 上册 第2章 流动小结.ppt

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1、FluidcharactersForceexertedonthefluidmassforcesurfaceforceTypesofFluids(1)Incompressibleandcompressiblefluid(2)Newtonianandnon-Newtonianfluid(3)IdealandrealfluidForanincompressiblefluidContinuity(Massconservation)TheFluidinMotion（1）Staticfluid–staticfluidequ.（2）Idealfluid-Bernoulic’s

2、equ.(3)Realfluid-MomentumequationMomentumChangesinaFluidMomentumequationFluidflowinpipeStreamlineTurbulentflowTransitionalflowTheNatureofFluidFlowlaminarsub-layerBoundarylayer<99%u∞Boundarylayer(chapter11)separationofboundarylayer（1）viscosity（2）pressuregradientisnegative（3）kineticene

3、rgyexhaustduringflowFlowinaPipeDevelopingflowFullydevelopedflowτuVelocityDistribution,StreamlineFlowThekineticenergyperunitmass:VelocityDistribution,TurbulentFlowThekineticenergyperunitmass:FrictionlossMoodyfrictionfactorFanningfrictionfactorDarcyfrictionfactorLaminarmotionFrictionfa

4、ctorHagen-PoiseuilleequationTurbulentmotionTransitionalregionFullyturbulentflowMiscellaneousFrictionLossesThefrictionlossoccurringasaresultofSuddenenlargementSuddencontractionVariouspipefittings--elbow,union,valves(gate,globe,needle)PressureMeasuringDevicesThesimplemanometerU-tubeThe

5、well-typemanometerTheinclinedmanometerTheinvertedmanometerMeasurementofFluidFlowThePitottubeTheOrificeMeterTheVenturiMeterRotameterMomentumequationPumpingEquipmentForLiquidsThepositivedisplacementtypeCentrifugalpumpsReciprocatingpump(往复泵）Thepistonpump(活塞泵）Theplungerorrampump（柱塞泵）Th

6、ediaphragmpump（隔膜泵）Themeteringpump（计量泵）Positivedisplacementrotarypump（转动泵）Thegearpump（齿轮泵）Thescrewpump（螺杆泵）ThepositivedisplacementtypeTheCentrifugalPumpTheprincipleandstructureAirbind（气缚）VirtualheadHeVolumeticrateQNshaftworkpowerNeeffectivepowerEfficiencyHydraulicefficiency,Volumetr

7、icefficiency,MechanicalefficiencyOperatingcharacteristicsFactorsonperformanceofthepumpPhysicalpropertiesofliquidtobedeliveredRotationspeedImpellerdiameterCavitation（气蚀）NPSH(netpositivesuctionhead)(净正吸上高度或汽蚀余量）(a)NPSHr(必需汽蚀余量)(b)NPSHa(装置汽蚀余量)Theheightinstallationofthepump(安装高度）Upr

8、ightnessheig