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⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.MatchthewordsfromColumnAwiththedefinitionsfromColumnB(15%)A.B.1.unexpectedA.givingnoattention2.noveltyB.theactofsendingout(esp.heat,light,etc.)3.spaciousC.quickandactive4.entertainingD.neverthoughttohappen5.inattentivenessE.apersonwhobringsoneormorepiecesofinformation6.emissionF.newness7.briskG.havingmuchspace8.messengerH.amusing9.commitmentI.stateofbeingplacedinview10.substituteJ.angryviolentandcruel11.hintK.cutsofsth.byleavingoutpartsofit12.discloseL.showbyuncovering13.clipsM.asmallorindirectsuggestion14.fierceN.putsomethinginplaceofanother15.exposureO.apromisetofollowacertaincourseofactionⅡ.Allthefollowingsentencesaretakenfromthetextbook.StudyeachsentencecarefullyandchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.(15%)1.Itissomethingofferedataloworadvantageousprice.A.advancingB.profitableC.attractiveD.high2.Atechnicianwillexamineyourbloodunderamicroscope-countingthewhitecellsinasmallmarked-offarea.A.indicatingB.separatedbyaline-drawingC.noticeableD.havingvisibletrace3.Howdoyougoaboutidentifyingpeople’sneeds?A.changetotheoppositedirectionB.concentrateonC.begintoworkatD.notice4.Peopleoftensaytherightwords,buttheireyesbetraytheirtruefeelings.A.hideB.representC.revealD.turnagainst5.Wetried,inshorttime,tocatchuponourrespectivelivesoverthelasttwodecades.A.comeupfrombehindB.bringtodate1 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯C.beinterestedinD.beeagertotelleachotherabout6.Amutation(whichisalwayspossible)happenstosuitanewenvironment,andthe‘odd’creaturesurvivesbecauseitisbetterfitted.A.fixedinplaceB.madesuitableorcompetentC.ingoodhealthD.oftherightsizeorshape7.Therepeatedactionsofpreparing,sorting,filling,distributing,andkeepingtrackofrecordsandpublicationscanbeastroublesomeascalculating.A.followingthewayofB.pursuingC.seekingafterD.keepingoneselfinformedabout8.Allplantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefully(includingthehuman)seemtohavebuilt-inclocks.A.makingafixpartB.fixingtoapartasawholeC.internallyfixedD.causingtobecomeonepartofsth.9.TheInternationalMonetaryFundisconcernedwithshort-termcreditandthecooperativemanagementofforeignexchangerates.A.advanceorloanB.trustorbelieveC.moneyorcashD.payordebt10.Thelendingnationssubscribetowarditscapitalstockinproportiontotheireconomicimportance.A.withreferencetoB.attherateofC.inthemeasureofD.incomparisonwith11.Moreimportantisthefactthatitcanfloatbondsandusetheproceedstomakeloans.A.stayB.moveC.supportD.issue12.Ithopedtosecuretheadvantagesofthegoldstandardwithoutitsdisadvantages.A.protectB.havenodoubtC.becertainD.makesafe13.ThisconcentrationonprojectlendingisdirectedatensuringthatBankfundsareinvestedinsound,productiveprojects.A.closegatheringB.closeattentionC.comingtogetherD.point14.TheBankisbothadevelopmentalandafinancialinstitution,andeachprojectforwhichitlendsmustsatisfybothfeaturesoftheinstitution.A.collegeB.universityC.organizationD.institute15.Ofthese,theoverwhelmingmajority,wellover90percent,havebeenforspecificprojectssuchasschools.A.largestcrowdB.bigfigureC.byfarthegreatestnumberD.smallpartⅢ.Readingcomprehension(40%)2 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ReadingPassage1Itisbecomingincreasinglyrecognizedthateducationisaprocesswhichcontinuesthroughoutadultlife.Thescopeofadultandcontinuingeducationhaswidenedinrecentyearsandnowincludes,inadditiontothedevelopmentoftheindividualthroughcultural,physicalandcraftpursuits,suchsubjectsasbasiceducation:educationfordisadvantagedgroupsandthosewithspecialneedssuchasethnicminoritiesorthedisabled;consumereducation;healtheducation;andpre-retirementeducation.Continuingeducationincludestrainingforthoseinemployment,toenablethemtokeeppacewithtechnologicalchange.TheBritishgovernmenthastakenanumberofrecentinitiativestoimproveopportunitiesforbothadultandcontinuingeducation.In1982itlaunchedaProfessional,IndustrialandCommercialUpdatingProgramdesignedtohelpcollegesanduniversitiestomeettheneedtoup-dateandbroadentheskillsofthoseinmid-careerinindustry,commerceandtheprofessions.Athree-yearprogramtoencouragetheexpansionofeducationalopportunitiesfortheadultunemployedwaslaunchedin1984.Apartfromprovisionformaturestudentsatuniversities,coursesareprovidedbyfurthereducationcolleges,adulteducationcenters,residentialcolleges,theOpenUniversitiesandvariousotherbodiesincludinganumberofvoluntaryorganizations.Mostoftheprovisionismadebythelocaleducationauthoritiesinawidevarietyofestablishments,includingschoolsusedforadulteveningclassesandcommunityschoolswhichprovideeducational,socialandculturalopportunitiesforthewidercommunity.Mostcoursesarepart-time.Localauthoritiesalsomaintainoraidmanycourseslastingbetweenaweekendandafortnight.Long-termresidentialcolleges,grant-aidedbycentralgovernmentdepartments,providecoursesofoneortwoyearsandaimtoprovidealiberaleducationwithoutacademicentrytests.Moststudentsadmittedareentitledtofullmaintenancegrants.1.Oneofthetasksofcontinuingeducationis________.A.tokeepemployeeswellinformedofrecenttechnologicaldevelopmentsB.tohelpemployeesgetpromotedandpayincreasedC.towidenemployees’knowledgeoftheircountry’shistoryD.tomakeemployees’sparetimeactivitiesrichandvaried2.Theword“initiatives”inLine8mostprobablymeans________.A.plansB.offersC.measuresD.proposals3.ThetwoprogramslaunchedbytheBritishgovernmentaredesignedfor________.A.studentsandteachersincollegesanduniversitiesB.theemployedandunemployedrespectivelyC.thegovernmentemployeesinBritainD.thedisadvantagedandthedisabled4.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?________A.Adulteducationmightbereplacedbyothertypesofeducation.3 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯B.ManyBritishyoungpeoplecanreceivehighereducationwithoutentranceexamination.C.Onlythosewhopassedacademicentrytestscangetfinancialaidfromthecentralgovernment.D.TheaidforimprovingadultandcontinuingeducationisprovidedbylocalandStategovernments.5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A.adulteducationwillprobablybecomethemaintypeofeducationinBritainandotherdevelopedcountriesB.thegovernmentshouldattachimportancetovarioustypesofeducationtomeettheneedsofthechangingworldC.highereducationshouldmeetthedemandsofthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyD.highschoolsshouldproducemoreskilledstudentsReadingPassage2Braindamageisforever,orsodoctorsoncethought,butthatlong-standingmedicalaxiom(公理)isnowbeingprovedwrong.InlaboratoriesacrosstheUSAandEurope,researchersarefindingthatbycreatingtherightchemicalenvironment,andinsomecasesimplantingnewcellsinthebrain,damagednervoussystemscanbecoaxed(哄)toregenerate(再生).Evenmoreencouragingisthediscovery,sofarshownonlyinanimals,thatcellular(细胞)re-growthcanstorelostmentalfunctions,and,inaddition,improvememoryandlearning.ThelatestachievementinthispromisingfieldistheworkofDr.DonaldSteinandthreecolleaguesatClarkUniversityinWorcesterMass.Asreportedinlastweek’sissueofScience,thegroupattemptedtorestorementalfunctioningin21ratswhosebrainshadbeendamagedbytheremovaloflargesectionsofthefrontalcortex(皮层空间).Thisfunctionofthebrainisinvolvedinthelearningofcomplexspatial(空间)relationships.Typicallyratssustainingsuchasevereinjurywouldtake18daysormoretomasteramaze(迷宫)thatrequiredthemtoalternaterightandleftturnsinordertogetadrinkofwater.Normalratscanlearnthetaskinjust2.5days.Beforeattemptingtorepairthebraindamage,Stein’steamwaitedaweektoallowforthenaturalaccumulationofhealingproteinscallednervegrowthfactors.Thentheyimplantedapinheadsizelumpoftissuethathadtakenfromthefrontalcortexofnormalratembryos(胎儿).Theresearchersusedfetal(胎儿)cellsbecausetheyarerichingrowthfactorsandadapteasilytoanewenvironment.Resultoftheoperation:thebrain-damagedratswereabletolearnthemazeinjust8.5days.Whilethisisstillslowerthannormal,saysStein,“thetransplantwasdearlyproducingsomedegreeoffunctionalrecovery.”Steinlaterfoundthatnewconnectionshadgrownbetweenthetransplantedtissueandtherestofthebrain.AccordingtoStein,theimmediatelessonofhisgroup’sexperimentisthatthereismuchmorecapacityforresponsetobraininjurythanpreviouslythought.6.Inthisexperiment,thedamagedbrainswerehealed________.A.throughsurgeryB.bycreatingafavorablechemicalenvironment4 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯C.byplacingnewbrainmaterialinthedamagedbrainD.alloftheabove7.Theratsdescribedinthearticle________.A.hadaccidentalbraindamageB.wereatfirstincapableoflearningthemazeC.hadhadpartoftheirbrainsremovedD.weresuperiortonormalratsaftertheexperiment8.Thearticleinpliesthat________.A.learningamazedependsupontheabilitytolearnspatialrelationshipsB.damagedbrainscouldneverbereturnedtonormalC.onlyfetalbraintissueisuseableforbrainregenerationD.normalratscouldlearnthemazeevenfasterifimplantedwithbraintissueproteins9.Nervegrowthfactorsare________.A.conditionsunderwhichbraincellcanregenerateB.achemicalenvironmentwhichinducesbraincellenlargementC.proteinswhichcanbeusedbythetissueD.noneoftheabove10.AccordingtoDr.Steintheexperimentshowsthat________.A.humanbraindamageisrepairableB.adamagedbraindoesmakesomeattempttohealitselfC.braindamagedoesnotnecessarilymeanalotoffunctionalabilityD.animalbrains,suchasarat’s,arebetterabletorepairthemselvesthanhumanbrainsReadingPassage3NewspapersinGreatBritainvarygreatlyintheirwaysofcarryingthenews.Thereareseriouspapersforthosewhowanttoknowaboutimportanthappeningseverywhere,bothathomeandabroad.Therearepopularnewspapersforthosewhopreferentertainmenttoinformation.TheLondonnewspaperthatisbestknownoutsideGreatBritainisprobablyTheTimes.Itbeganin1785,andhasahighreputationforreliablenewsandseriousopinionsonthenews.Itcallsitselfanindependentpaper,whichmeansthatitdoesnotgiveitssupportstoaparticularparty.Itsleadingarticlesgivetheopinionsoftheeditor,notthoseoftheownersofthepaper.Letterstotheeditorareprintedinpartsofthenewspaper.ThesepartsofTheTimesarealwaysinteresting.Mostofthelettersareonserioussubjects,butfromtimetotimetherewillbelonglettersonthesubjectwhichisnotatallserious,perhapsonanewfashionofdress,orthebadmannersoftheyoungpeoplecomparedwiththemannersofthepeoplethirtyyearsago.InadditiontotheLondondailynewspapers,thereareotherpapers.ThetwoLondoneveningpapers,theEveningNewsandtheEveningStandard,aresoldnotonlyattheordinarynewsagents’shops,butalwaysstaybytheirpilesofpapers.However,thenewspapersellerssometimesgoawayandleavetheirpapers.Passers-byhelpthemselvestothepapertheywant,5 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯andleavethepriceofthepaperinabox.TherearedishonestpeopleinLondon,butnoonethinksitisworthrobbinganewspapersellerofafewcoins.11.Ifyouwanttoentertainyourself,pleasebuyyourself________.A.apopularnewspaperB.aseriousnewspaperC.aforeignnewspaperD.anyindependentpaper12.ThemainreasonwhyTheTimesisanewspaperofhighreputationisthat________.A.itiswellknownoutsideGreatBritainB.newscarriedinthepapercanbeacceptedastrueC.thefirstpaperofTheTimeswaspublishedin1785D.itprovidesreaderswithmanyarticlesonseriousnews13.TheTimesisanindependentpaper,for________.A.itdoesn’tspeakinfavorofacertainpoliticalpartyB.itdoesn’tsupportallthepoliticalpartiesC.itisnotcontrolledbytheBritishgovernmentD.theeditors’opinionsarenotexaminedbytheownersofthepaper14.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Writingonthelatestfashiononclothesisthebestwaytoattractyoungreaders.B.Peoplethirtyyearsagowereoftenpolite.C.Intheletterstotheeditorserioussubjectsarewritteninanamusingway.D.Letterstotheeditorareusuallytooserioustobeinteresting.15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?A.Noonethinksthepaperiswellworthafewcoins.B.Thebusystreetcornersarenottheusualplacewherepapersaresold.C.Evendishonestpeoplewillnottakethepaperwithoutpayingforit.D.Thepassers-bycanbeofferedfreecopiesofnewspapers.ReadingPassage4Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeinagreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists”.Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople’swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.The6 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯generalistsandespeciallytheadministratordealwithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinaparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyoubutthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametime,youmustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.16.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor________.A.allroundpeopleintheirownfieldsB.peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’sworkC.peoplewhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessionalD.specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers17.Thespecialistis________.A.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeopleB.amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefieldC.amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetreesD.amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters18.Theadministratoris________.A.a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralistB.amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforestC.amanwhoisverystronginthehumanitiesD.amanwhoisan“educated”specialist19.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant________.A.totrytobeageneralistB.tochooseaprofitablejobC.tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyouD.todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist20.Aman’sfirstjob________.A.isnevertherightjobforhimB.shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljobC.shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjobD.isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobⅣ.Questions:(10%)AllthequestionsarebasedonReadingPassage5.Answerthequestionswiththefewest7 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯wordspossible.ReadingPassage5Scientistssaychangesintheclimatescausedbyindustrypollutioncouldmakeitharderforfarmerstogrowfoodinthenextcentury.ButthereportbytheUSDepartmentofAgriculturesaysthatmaynotbetrueeverywhere.Itsaysinsomepartsoftheworld,globalwarmingmighthelpfarmersproducemorefood.TheburningofmoreoilandcoalaroundtheworldisblamedforcausingcarbondioxidegasorCO2toincreaseintheearthupperatmosphere.Manyscientistsbelievedthishasledtotheproblemknownasglobalwarming.Theybelieveaverageday-timetemperatureswillriseafewdegreesoverthenext50years.Andtheybelievethiscouldcausechangesintheamountsofrainfall.TheAgricultureDepartmentreportsayssomefarmersinUSprobablywillhavetomakechangesifclimateconditionschange.Theymayhavetoreplacetheirtraditionalmethodsorgrowdifferentcrops.ButthereportalsofindsthatthehigherlevelsofCO2intheatmospherecouldincreasethegrowthofsomeimportantcrops.Thereportsaysthattheexperimentshowstheharvestofthecropslikerice,soyabeans,wheatandcottoncouldincreaseasCO2levelsrise.Butthiswouldhappenonlyifaveragetemperaturesdonotincreasetoomuch.ThescientistssaythefastercropgrowthcausedbyhighCO2levelscouldhelpfarmersreducetheiruseofchemicalfertilizers.Thatcouldmeanlesspollutionofstreamsandrivers.ThescientistsalsosaythewarmingoftheatmospherecouldalsoaffectsnowfallamountsintheUSwhenthesnowmeltseachspring.Meltingsnowisimportantbecauseitsupplieswaterforfarmsintheplain,mountainouswesternstates.TheAgricultureDepartmentreportsuggestsfarmerscanslowdowntheclimatechanges.Forexample,theycouldleavecropwasteonthefieldafterharvesting.ThiswouldkeepmorecarboninthesoilandpreventitsreleaseintotheairasCO2.Thereportsaysnooneissurehowglobalwarmingwillaffectagriculture.Yetthereportsaysfarmersshouldbereadytomakesomechangeseitherinwhattheygroworhowtheygrowit.Questions:1.Whatwasthecauseofglobalwarming?2.Whyfarmersinplainsandmountainouswesternstatesneedsnow?3.Howcansomefarmerscopewiththesituationifclimateconditionchanges?4.WhydoesthereportsayCO2highmakesfarmerspollutelessofstreamsandrivers?5.Whatisthegeneralideaofthearticle?Ⅴ.TranslatetheunderlinedpartofReadingPassage5intoChinese.(20%)8
