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1、PresentPerfectTense1.Thepresentperfecttenseusedtotalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforethetimeyouarespeakingorwritingbutarerelevanttothepresentsituation,orthingsthatbeganinthepastandarestillhappening.2.Structure:The presentperfecttense isformedwith have/has+done,asin,“Theyh
2、avedecidedwhattodo."3.Signalwords:Whenyouseewordslike for,since,never,ever,already,just,yetand sofar inasentence,itoftenmeansthatyouneedtousethe presentperfecttense.Forexample,lIhavebeentoShanghaiforthreeyears.lShehasgonetoBeijingsincethreeyearsago.lJohnhasneverseenHar
3、ryPotter.lHaveyoueverseenanythinglikeit?lYouhavealreadybeenrich.lIhavejustboughtanewhouse.lHasthebusleftyet?Theyhaven’tfinishedyet.(“yet”alwaysusedfornegativesentenceandquestions)lSofar,wehavedonefivetasks.NOTICE:ForandSincewithPresentPerfectTenseWeoftenuse for and sin
4、ce withperfecttenses:·Weuse for totalkabouta period oftime: fiveminutes,twoweeks,sixyears·Weuse since totalkabouta point inpasttime: 9o'clock,1stJanuary,MondayLookattheseexamplesentencesusing for and since withthePresentPerfecttense:·Ihavebeenhere for twentyminutes.·Ih
5、avebeenhere since 9o'clock.·Johnhasn'tcalled for sixmonths.·Johnhasn'tcalled since February.·HehasworkedinNewYork for alongtime.·HehasworkedinNewYork since heleftschool.4.BasicSentencePatterns: subjectauxiliaryverb mainverb (+)lPositivesentenceIhave seenET.Youhave eate
6、nlunch.(-)lNegativesentenceHe,she,ithasnotbeentoRome.Wehavenotplayed football.(?)lGeneralquestionHaveyou finished?Havethey doneit?(?)lSpecialquestionWhathashe/she/iteaten?Whathaveyoudonesofar?1.ContractionwithPresentPerfectWhenweusethePresentPerfectinspeaking,weoftenco
7、ntractthesubjectandauxiliaryverb.Wealsosometimesdothisininformalwriting.Ihave→I'veYouhave→You'veHehas→He'sShehas→She'sIthas→It'sJohnhas→John'sThecarhas→Thecar'sWehave→We'veTheyhave→They've·You'vetoldmethatbefore.·John'sseen HarryPotter.Innegativesentences,wemaycontract
8、theauxiliaryverband"not":·Youhaven'tgotachance.·Shehasn'theardfromhim.He's or he's???Becareful!The 's contractionisus
