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1、动词不定式的几个问题三里畈高中杨波一、动词不定式的优势:可以作除了谓语动词以外的所有成分;动词不定式的缺陷:只能表示“将来和未发生”。二、动词不定式的时态和语态:时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式,主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改,作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定,
2、各种用法区别开。三、动词不定式的功能:1.名词、形容词、副词。2.可作成分:除谓语以外的所有成分。(1)作主语:1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.(形式主语问题)(2)作表语1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.★当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时,to可以省略。(3)作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,
3、hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.决心学会选计划,拒绝答应想假装。主动设法愿希望,同意请求帮一帮。准备威胁易声称,渴望申请败踌躇。decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;agree
4、,ask/beg,help.prepare,threaten,tend,claim;desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate★少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.当句子中含有实义动词do(做)的某种形式或有情态动词修饰时,动词不定式省去to,否则不省.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.Can
5、notbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之间的不定式一般不带to,常翻译为“不得不”Icannotbutadmirehercourage.Hecannotchoosebutdoit.Icannothelpbutloveit.(4)作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.A.不定式作补语,可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noo
6、netoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.B.不定式在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾语补足语时,不加to,help后可加可不加.在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补,只有少数动词(五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等)须接不带to的不定式做宾补。Ineverletmychildstayin
7、thehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.(5)作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.(6)作定语与所修饰词在逻辑上有以下几种关系Shewasthefirstgir
8、ltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasa