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《北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、2011年10月中国水土保持科学Vol.9No.59(5):42-47ScienceofSoilandWaterConservationOct.2011北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应王士永,余新晓,贾国栋,宋思铭,徐娟,李庆云(水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室北京林业大学水土保持学院,100083,北京)摘要为探究北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应,以北京市怀柔区汤河口镇庄户沟小流域油松、刺槐、侧柏3种林分为研究对象,利用枯落物现存量样地调查、浸泡实验和抗冲槽法,建立枯落物持水量、吸水速率和浸水时间相关关系,定量研究枯落物层水文效应,结果表明:1)3种
2、林分枯落物现存量和总厚度表现为油松最大,分别为6.372t/hm和4.0cm,其次为刺槐,侧柏最小。2)3种林分枯落物最大持水量为刺槐>油松>侧柏,最大持水率为刺槐>侧柏>油松;3种林分未分解层和半分解层枯落物的吸水过程表现为0~0.5h内吸水速率最大,4~5h时吸水速率显著减缓;刺槐不同层次枯落物的有效拦蓄量均为最强,总有效拦蓄深为2.6mm,侧柏总有效拦蓄深最小,为1.0mm。3)不同坡度枯落物覆盖产流产沙实验表明,在相同坡度条件下,产流时间表现为刺槐>油松>侧柏>裸地;径流速率为裸地>侧柏>油松>刺槐;裸地的产流量是3种林地的1.04~1.46倍。关键
3、词枯落物;水文效应;北京山区HydrologicaleffectsofforestlittersofdifferentforestsinBeijingmountainousareaWangShiyong,YuXinxiao,JiaGuodong,SongSiming,XuJuan,LiQingyun(KeyLaboratoryofSoil&WaterConservationandCombatingDesertificationofMinistryofEducation,SchoolofSoilandWaterConservation,BeijingFores
4、tryUniversity,100083,Beijing,China)AbstractThehydrologicaleffectsofforestlittersinPinustabulaeformis,Robiniapseudoacacia,andPlatycladusorientalisforestcommunitiesinZhuanghugouwatershed,locatedinTanghekouTown,HuairouDistrictofBeijing,werestudiedinthisarticle.Resultsshowthat:1)Thelit
5、tersamountsand2totalthicknessinPinustabulaeformiswerethelargest,6.37t/hmand4.0cmrespectively,followedbyRobiniapseudoacacia,andtheleastwereinPlatycladusorientalis.2)Thelargestwater-holdingcapacityoflitterwasRobiniapseudoacacia>Platycladusorientalis>Pinustabulaeformis,andthelargestwa
6、ter-holdingratewasRobiniapseudoacacia>Pinustabulaeformis>Platycladusorientalis.Intheearlyhalfhourofwaterabsorptionoflitter,water-holdingrateincreasedrapidly,andthenslightlydecreasedovertimeafterthe4thto5thhour.TheeffectivewaterholdingdepthinRobiniapseudoacaciawasthehighest(2.6mm),a
7、ndthelowestwasinPlatycladusorientalis(1.0mm).3)Itwasevidentthatforestlitterscouldprolongthesurfacerunoffprocess.Inthesameslopedegree,runoffgenerationtimewasgivenasfollows:Robiniapseudoacacia>Pinustabulaeformis>Platycladusorientalis>bareland,andwasrunoffvelocitybareland>Platycladuso
8、rientalis>Pinustabulaeform
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