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1、非谓语动词超详细讲解TheInfinitive不定式的构成(to)donot(to)do不定式的特点具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式一般形式进行式完成形式主动语态todotobedoingtohavedone被动语态tobedonetohavebeendone不定式的用法:(1)作主语不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.Itmademeveryhappytohearhertalkabout
2、it.【注意一】不定式的逻辑主语:不定式不能单独做谓语,因此没有语法上的主语,但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim.Iaskedhimtoplaywithme.(toplay的逻辑主语是I)(toplay的逻辑主语是him)【注意二】同一句型中不同介词的不同含义Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth(for引出动作发出者)(of引出adj修饰的对象)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreat
3、honorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意:常用在of句型中的adj有:kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble,right,
4、rude等=Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.=youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。Iwanttoknowthismatter.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.Subject+find/think/feel/makeit+adj/n+
5、todosth.MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等(3)作宾语补足语Heask
6、edmetodotheworkwithhim.注意1:在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。能用于此用法的动词有:ask,get,expect,wish,want,help,permit,beg,encourage,order,prefer,advise,like,callon,dependon,askfor,waitfor等Ioftenhearhimsing
7、thesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong·注意2:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(4)作定语。Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.注①:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具
8、等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.注②:当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不