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1、英语语法虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if引导的虚拟条件句2.名词性从句3.固定句式4.情态动词表示虚拟5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的
2、或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。Ifwehavechances,wecanhavefurthercooperation.IfIhaveanotherchance,IwillvisitChinaagain.if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思if条件从句一般现在时主句willshall+动词原形情态动词+动词原形Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?Iwillsleepathomeifitrainstomorrow.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的
3、或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟条件句①与现在事实相反②与过去事实相反③与将来事实相反IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavillaformyparents.与现在事实相反?IfIweretheschoolmaster,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.与现在事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设did/werewould(should/might/could)do1
4、.IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavillaformyparents.2.IfIweretheschoolmaster,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.与过去事实相反IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothave
5、beentrappedonthatislandforfouryears.与过去事实相反Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.与过去事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与过去事实相反的假设Ifhaddone1.IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothavebeentra
6、ppedonthatislandforfouryears.3.Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.would(should/might/could)havedoneIfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,…IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,…与将来事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与将来事实相反的假设did/weretodo/shou
7、lddowould(should/might/could)doIfImet/weretomeet/shouldmeetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.总结：if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设would(should/might/could)dowould(should/might/could)havedonewould(should/might/could)dodid/wereIfhaddonedid/were
8、todo/shoulddo注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句总结： 错综if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设would(should/might/could)dowould(should/might/could)havedonewould(should/might/could)dodid/wereI
