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1、高中定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。位置关系:先行词+定语从句(关系词+其他成分),定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词:when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。The
2、boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。4.That 指人时,相当于
3、who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5.Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。注意情况:一.只用that不用which和whom的情况1.当先行词是everything, anythin
4、g, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词,如:All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。2.当先行词是序数词最高级或者被序数词,形容词最高级,限定词every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much;the very, the only,thelast修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。3.当先行词既有人又有物时。
5、如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。4.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身? 二.主谓一致:当关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词的单复数保持一致。Thegirlwhoistalkingtomy
6、motherismyEnglishteacher.注意:“oneof+名词的复数”后接定语从句时,先行词是该复数名词,从句的谓语用复数形式,而“theonlyoneof+复数名词”后接定语从句时,先行词是one,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Sheisoneofthepersonswhoknowthatstrangelanguage.她是懂那门奇怪语言的人们中的一个。Sheistheonlyoneofthepersonswhoknowsthatstrangelanguage.她是那些人中唯一一个懂得那门奇怪语言的人。三.Whose+名词=then+ofwhich/who
7、m=ofwhich/whom+then,the不能省。(三) 关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。3. why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason