行为生态学崔旭红ppt课件.ppt

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1、Chapter17BehavioralEcologyBehavioriswhatananimaldoesandhowitdoesit.Everybehaviorresultsfromacombinationofgenetic(“nature”)andenvironmental(“nurture”)influencesInstinctivebehaviorLearningisalsoconsideredabehavioralprocess.Behaviorsareadaptive,theyaretheresultofalongevolutionaryprocess2Reed

2、warblerCuckooAspeciesinteractionthatnicelyillustratesmanyaspectsofanimalbehavior...InstinctsallowreedwarblerstobuildnestsandtolayeggswithoutlearninghowtodosoEvenso,nestingbehaviorsonlyoccurwhentheappropriateenvironmentalcuesarepresent,andtheyimprovewithexperience(throughlearning)Reedwarb

3、lerchicksinstinctivelybegforfoodCuckoosremoveahosteggandlayoneoftheirowninanestCuckoosinstinctivelyparasitizereedwarblers’nestsCuckoochicksinstinctivelyremovereedwarblereggsandyoungCuckoochicksinstinctivelyexploittheinnatefeedingbehaviorofthereedwarbleradultFemalecuckoochicksbecomeadultst

4、hatinstinctivelyparasitizereedwarblernestsTheaforementioned,specificbehaviorsareinstinctiveadaptationsthatarosethroughevolutionbynaturalselectionAssuch,eachrequiresanenvironmentalcontextandcanbemodifiedbyexperienceandlearningHybridlovebirdsprovideanotherexampleofthedualnatureofbehavi

5、or(combininggeneticandenvironmentalinputs)…Hybridlovebirdsprovideanotherexampleofthedualnatureofbehavior(combininggeneticandenvironmentalinputs)…Hybridlovebirdsprovideanotherexampleofthedualnatureofbehavior(combininggeneticandenvironmentalinputs)…Hybridlovebirdsprovideanotherexampleofthed

6、ualnatureofbehavior(combininggeneticandenvironmentalinputs)…Hybridbehaviorhaselementsinheritedfrombothparents,andcanbemodifiedbyexperienceandlearningEverybehaviorhasbothproximateandultimatecausesProximatecausesor“how”,questionsaboutbehaviorfocusontheenvironmentalstimulithattriggerabehavio

7、r.Aswellas,focusonthegenetic,physiological,andanatomicalmechanismsunderlyingabehavioralact.EthologymainlyconcernsproximatecausesThreeethologistssharedtheNobelPrizein1973:KarlvonFrischKonradLorenzNikoTinbergenEverybehaviorhasbothproximateandultimatecausesUltimateca