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1、翻译技巧进阶时态,情态,语态,虚拟语气时态翻译成汉语时常要加词,如:正在,在,即将,将,将要,快要,已经,尚未等.Ithasoftenbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.(HelenKeller:“ThreeDaystoSee”)人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人,或是死里逃生的人,对于他所做的事总是兴味盎然。Exercise1.Inanothermo
2、nth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.2.我想这会儿你已经睡着了.3.Youcanhavemydictionary.Iwon’tbeusingit.我一直盼望着有机会看这部电影。I’vebeenhopingI’dhaveachancetoseethefilm.她决定那年冬天退休,到那时她在这里任教就有40年了。Shedecidedtoretirethatwinter.Bythattimeshewouldhavebeenteachingherefo
3、r40years.进行时态的特殊用法1.用于描写状态,表达强烈的感情色彩SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phone B.willphone C.werephoning D.arephoning现在进行时用于描写一种状态,显得生动,表示一种强烈感情色彩,常与频度副词alwaysc
4、ontinually等连用,多半表示说话者不满、厌烦等。而一般现在时则侧重于叙述事实,感情色彩较淡。Sheisalwayscomplainingabouthersalary.Ithinksheshouldworkharder.2.表将来,描写生动,值得期待—Areyoustillbusy?—Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish B.amjustfinishing C.havejustfinished D.amjustgoin
5、gtofinish现在进行时可表按照现在计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作,描写生动,值得期待;谓语动词多为gocomeleavestart等位置移动动词。也可带有其他情态意义,有时含“决心”,常用于否定句中。例:Iamnottalkingwithheragain.(=Iwon’ttalkwithheragain.)类似地,过去进行时也可表过去将来即将发生的动作。3.表婉转语气—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?—Ofcourse.Whatisit?—I____ify
6、oucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwondered B.waswondering C.wouldwonder D.didwonder过去进行时表婉转语气,以示礼貌,从if从句中助动词could也可领会到。过去进行时表婉转语气仅限用于少数动词如hopewantwonder等,表婉转语气或礼貌请求,且较一般过去时、现在进行时和一般现在时更加婉转礼貌。上述各时态并无时间差异,只是语气婉转程度不一。4.Being+形容词:短暂的特征Heisbeing
7、difficulttoday.Youarebeingstupid.Theboyisbeingagoodboythewholeday.情态动词英语的情态动词的含义比汉语的能愿动词含义丰富.翻译时要加词.“能,会,愿”P265ExerciseCouldyousparemeafewminutes?MightIaskaquestion?(我可不可以…)Hemustalwayshavehisownway.AsIwassittingdowntosupper,thetelephonemustring.Mustyousp
8、oileverything?Whymustyoualwaysbesosuspicious?spokenusedtotellsomeonethattheirbehaviorupsetsorannoysyouwill1.weakvolition(弱意愿)E.g.Iwillcarryyourparcelforyou.(比较:want)E.g.Idon’tthinkthepriceaveryreasonableone,soIwon’t