Towards a Low Carbon Future - Challenges for - University of Bath：向低碳未来的挑战-巴斯大学-PPT文ppt课件.ppt

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1、ALowCarbonFuture-ChallengesfortheEnergySystemNickEyreLowerCarbonFuturesProgrammeEnvironmentalChangeInstituteUniversityofOxfordChallengesfortheEnergySystemGlobalchallengesTheroleofcarbonmarketsDecarbonisingenergyTheroleofenergydemandChallengesfortheEnergySystemGlobalchallenge

2、sTheroleofcarbonmarketsDecarbonisingenergyTheroleofenergydemand1.ClimatechangeSource:IPCC,2019IPCC,20192.RisingWorldEnergyDemand3.EnergyInequalitySource:UNEP4.Carbonresources4700Gt600GtCarboninfossilfuelreservesBasedonIPCC,2019CarbonasCO2inthepre-industrialatmosphereASummary

3、oftheGlobalChallengesRadicalreductionsincarbonemissionsfromfossilfuelsarerequired,butWorldenergyuseisrisingThereisadevelopmentimperativetoincreaseenergyuseinmanycountriesEnergyuseisdominatedbyfossilfuelsFossilfuelsarenotabouttorunoutAlowcarbonfuturerequiressystemicchangeinth

4、eenergysectorandthiswillhavetobeapurposefulchoiceChallengesfortheEnergySystemGlobalchallengesTheroleofcarbonmarketsDecarbonisingenergyTheroleofenergydemand1.CarbonpricesRetailfuelcosts1.CarbonpricesRetailfuelcostsandtheEUETSpriceThebiginternationalchallengeisthecapacityoft

5、heatmospheretoabsorbCO2,notthecapacityoftheEarthtosupplycarbon.Pricesdon’treflectthis!2.EUETSscopeOnlypowergeneratorsandlargeenergyusersarecoveredbythecap–useoftheatmosphereisfreetootherusers.Smallandmediumenergyusers–lightindustry,commerce,publicsectorandtransport-arenotinc

6、entivisedatall.Althoughelectricitypricesareaffected,electricityusersarenotdirectlyinvolved.3.Pricingcarbonisinsufficient-ThereareotherenergymarketfailuresBasedonUKEnergyReview,2019andStern,2019MarketfailureInterventionrequiredFreeuseofatmosphericsinkPricecarbonthroughtaxati

7、onortradingBenefitsofinnovationnotcapturedSupportnewtechnologieswithtargetedmechanismsCosteffectivetechnologiesnotfullyusedRegulationandincentivestochangeinenergyuserinvestmentLikelyeffectsofexistingcarbonmarketsWilldeliverincentivesto[Reductionsindeforestation]Transferenerg

8、ytechnologytodevelopingcountriesSwitchfromcoaltogasinpowergenerationAdoptre