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1、1.000139文科段子：艺术类音乐 Itmayseemstrangethatwe'rediscussingmusicfromaBroadwayproductioninthisclass,"TheLionKing"especially,sinceit'sbasedonapopularHollywoodmovie.ImeanmusicpreformedforBroadwaytheaterintheheartofNewYorkcitysurelywouldseemtobeinthewesterntraditionofpopularmusi
2、candnothavemuchincommonwiththemusicwehavebeenstudyinginthiscourse,suchasgamelanmusicofIndonesia,orZuluchantsofSouthAfrica,musicthatdevelopedoutsidethewesterntraditionofEuropeandAmerica.Butinfact,musicianshavealong-standingtraditionofborrowingfrontoneanother'scultures.And
3、thisproduction'sdirectorintentionallyincludedbothwesternandnon-westernmusic.Thatway,someoftherhythms,instrument,andharmoniestypicalofnon-westernmusiccontrastwithandcomplementpopularmusicmorefamiliartoaudiencesinNorthAmericaandEurope,musiclikerock,jazzorBroadwaystyleshowt
4、unes.SoIwanttospendtherestofthisclassandmostofthenextoneonthemusicfromtheshow"TheLionKing"asawayofsummarizingsomeofthetechnicaldistinctionsbetweentypicalwesternmusicandthenon-westernmusicthatwe'vebeenstudying.NowtheAfricaninfluenceonthemusicisclear.ThestorytakesplaceinAf
5、rica.SothedirectorgotaSouthAfricancomposertowritesongswithadistinctlyAfricansound.AndthesongsevenincludewordsfromAfricanlanguages.Butwe'llgetbacktotheAfricaninfluencelater.Firstlet'sturntothemusicthatwaswrittenfortheshadowpuppetscenesin"TheLionKing",musicbasedontheIndone
6、sianmusicusedintheshadowpuppettheaterofthatregion 2.000143理科段子：天文学 Inancienttimes,manypeoplebelievedtheearthwasaflatdisc.Wellover2,000yearsago;theancientGreekphilosopherswereabletoputforwardtwogoodargumentsprovingthatitwasnot.Directobservationsofheavenlybodiesweretheba
7、sisofboththesearguments.First,theGreeksknewthatduringeclipsesofthemoontheearthwasbetweenthesunandthemoon,andtheysawthatduringtheseeclipses,theearth'sshadowonthemoonwasalwaysround,theyrealizedthatthiscouldbetrueonlyiftheearthwasspherical,Ittheearthwasaflatdisc,thenitsshad
8、owduringeclipseswouldnotbeaprefectcircle;itwouldbestretchedoutintoalongellipse.Thesecondargumentwasbase
