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1、IntroductionYangdandiAnatomydepartmentofguangzhoumedicalcollegeWork-number：1020513Humananatomy1HumanAnatomy：isthesciencewhichdealswiththegrossmorphologyandspatialinterrelationsofthestructuresofthebody.Formedicalstudents,humananatomyisthebasiccourseofpreclinicala
2、ndclinicalcurriculum.2humananatomyisabasiccoursediagnosistreatmentGenerationanddevelopmentofdiseaseabnormalstructureandfunction(pathology)Normalfunctionofhumanbody(physiology)Normalstructureofhumanbody(anatomy)34I.TheGeneralstructureoftheHumanBody（cytology）cells
3、（histology）tissues（epithelial,connective,muscular,nervous）-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------organsandstructures（anatomy）system（locomotor,alimentary,respiratory,urinary,reproductive,circulatory,nervou
4、s,endocrine,senseorgans）5BranchofHumanAnatomyGrossAnatomy：SystematicanatomyRegionalanatomySectionalanatomyArtanatomy,Clinicalanatomy,Surgicalanatomy,X-rayanatomy,Nervousanatomy，67II.AnatomicalTermsI）TheAnatomicalPositionThefaceandtoesdirectedforwardTheheelsandto
5、estogetherUpperlimbshangingbythesideofthebodyWiththepalmsofthehandsfacingforward8II）TheTermsofDirection：superior(cranial)inferior(caudal)anterior(ventral)posterior(dorsal)mediallateralinternalexternalsuperficialdeepToalimbproximaldistal9III）TheAxisandPlanesofHu
6、manBodyVerticalaxisCoronaryaxisSagittalaxis1.Axis(1)Sagittalaxis(2)Coronalaxis(3)Verticalaxis102.planes(1)Sagittalplanes(vertical)(2)Coronalplanes(frontal)(3)Horizontalplanes(transverse)11relationalplanessagittalplanehorizontalplanecoronalplane12thelocomotorsyst
7、em13Thelocomotorsystemincludes：bones：actastheleversjoints:astheaxismuscles:asthemotiveforcefunctions：1.movement2.supports,protects,storage,formationofbloodcells,etc.14Chapter1.Osteology(thebonesystem)15ThegeneraldescriptionBonesinadultare206innumber,withtheexcep
8、tionofsixauditoryossicles,thebonescanbedividedinto:skull,bonesoftrunk,theappendicularbones.Theformertwoformtheaxialbone.16Ⅰ.TheShapeandClassificationofBones(a)longbon
