国际经济与贸易英文版课件.ppt

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1、Chapter5TheStandardTradeModelCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.1ChapterOrganizationIntroductionAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyInternationalTransfersofIncome:ShiftingtheRDCurveTariffsandExportSubsidies:SimultaneousShiftsinRSandRDSummaryAppendix:RepresentingInternationalEquilibriumwit

2、hOfferCurvesCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.2IntroductionPrevioustradetheorieshaveemphasizedspecificsourcesofcomparativeadvantagewhichgiverisetointernationaltrade:Differencesinlaborproductivity(Ricardianmodel)Differencesinresources(specificfactorsmodelandHeckscher-Ohlinmodel)Thest

3、andardtrademodelisageneralmodeloftradethatadmitsthesemodelsasspecialcases.Copyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.3AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyThestandardtrademodelisbuiltonfourkeyrelationships:ProductionpossibilityfrontierandtherelativesupplycurveRelativepricesandrelativedemandWorldr

4、elativesupplyandworldrelativedemandTermsoftradeandnationalwelfareCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.4AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyProductionPossibilitiesandRelativeSupplyAssumptionsofthemodel:Eachcountryproducestwogoods,food(F)andcloth(C)Eachcountry’sproductionpossibilityfrontieri

5、sasmoothcurve(TT)Thepointonitsproductionpossibilityfrontieratwhichaneconomyactuallyproducesdependsonthepriceofclothrelativetofood,PC/PF.IsovaluelinesLinesalongwhichthemarketvalueofoutputisconstantCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.5Figure5-1:RelativePricesDeterminetheEconomy’sOutputQ

6、IsovaluelinesTTAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QFCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.6Figure5-2:HowanIncreaseintheRelativePriceofClothAffectsRelativeSupplyQ1VV1(PC/PF)1Q2VV2(PC/PF)2AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyTTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QFCo

7、pyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.7RelativePricesandDemandThevalueofaneconomy'sconsumptionequalsthevalueofitsproduction:PCQC+PFQF=PCDC+PFDF=VTheeconomy’schoiceofapointontheisovaluelinedependsonthetastesofitsconsumers,whichcanberepresentedgraphicallybyaseriesofindifferencecurves.AStand

8、ardModelofa