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时间:2020-09-08
《Thedepletionoftheozonelayer(臭氧层的衰退).docx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Thedepletionoftheozonelayer(臭氧层损耗)ABSTRACTOzone(O3)isastratospheric(平流层的)layer(层)thatplaysimportantroleinprovidingsupporttohumansfortheirsurvival.Itisanessentialfactorformanyglobal,biological(生物的)andenvironmentalphenomena.Butvariousanthropogenic(人为的)activitiessuchase
2、missions(排放)ofCFCs(氟氯烃),HCFCs(氢氯氟烃)andotherorgano-halogens(有机卤素污染物)leadtothedepletionofozone.Theozonedepletionresultedinsecondaryproductionofanozonelayerneartheground(terrestrialozonelayer),whichisresponsibleforadverseeffectsonplants,humansandenvironmentwithincreased
3、numberofbronchialdiseasesinhumans.ThemutationscausedbyUVraysresultinvariationinmorphogenictraitsofplantswhichultimatelydecreases cropproductivity.However,UVradiation(紫外线、紫外辐射)isrequiredinoptimumintensityforbothplantsandanimals.Thisreviewtakesintoanaccountthewiderangi
4、ngeffectsofozonedepletionwithamajorityofthembeingdetrimentaltotheplantsystem.一、Whatisit?Theozonelayerisfoundintheupperstratosphereanditsprimaryfunctionistofilterultravioletshort-waveraditionthatcomesfromthesun.Ozonegas(臭氧)absorbsUVradiation.The'hole'intheozonelayerwa
5、sfirstnotedinthe1980's,andisofconcernasincreasedlevelsofUVradiationcanleadstoincreasedlevelsofskincancerandeyecataracts(白内障).AtfirsttheozoneholewasonlyfoundoverAntarctica(南极洲),butithasbeenbecominglargeratarapidrate,andnowaffectspartsofChile(智利)andAustralia.Theproblem
6、isworsened(恶化)asCFC'sareaprimarycauseofthedamageandtheyremaininthestratosphereforupto100years.二、CausesOfOzoneDepletion1、CFC'sTheincreaseinthesizeoftheholeintheozonelayerisdirectlylinkedtoincreasedproductionofCFC'ssincethe1950'sinaerosols(气溶胶、喷雾器),plasticfoam(泡沫塑料),fa
7、stfoodpackaging(包装、包装业)andfridges(电冰箱).Chlorine(氯)isproducedbyCFC'Sandreactsstronglywithozoneinthestratosphere(同温层、最上层),breakingdowntheozonelayer.2、NaturalCausesVolcaniceruptions(火山喷发),astheyrelease(释放)carbonmonoxide(一氧化物)anddecreasenitrogenoxides(氮氧化合物)intheatmosphe
8、re.Methane(沼气、甲烷)fromrotting(腐败)vegetation(植被).三、EffectsOfOzoneDepletionSuchas:threatenourhealth、globalwarming、increasedisease四、Sol
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