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1、动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是实义动词(指某个具体的静态如:think,love等或动态如:run,walk等)、系动词(常用的是be,feel,get,look,taste等)、助动词(常用的是do,does,did等用来构成否定句及疑问句)、情态动词(常用的有can,may,must,shall,should等,情态动词后一定要跟动词原形)。 1)动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 A.第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数
2、时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同: 1.一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work-works,write-writes. 2.以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess-guesses,mix-mixes, finish-finishes,catch-catches. 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加es,如study-studies. 注:不规则变化的有have-has B.现在分词的构成 1.一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study-studying,work-working. 2.以不发音的字母
3、e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write-writing, move-moving. 3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get-getting,begin-beginning. 4.以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying. C.过去式和过去分词的构成 1.一般情况直接加ed,如ask-asked,work-worked. 2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love-loved,dance-danced. 3.以辅音字母加y结
4、尾,把y变为i加ed,如try-tried,study-studied. 4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop-stopped. 练习: I.用be动词的适当形式填空 1.__________yourfatheraworker﹖Yes,he__________. 2.They__________intheclassroom. 3.Where__________mybooks﹖ 4.These___________herpears. 5.Howmuch_________theT-shirt? 6
5、.Howmuch__________thesocks? 7.Ourmother_________fortylastyear. 8.Youcan_________inourschoolmusicclub. 9.Let's___________friends. 10.HeandI_________friends. 11.Someone__________intheroom. 12.There____someapplesonthetableyesterday. II.划出每句中正确的词 1.(Is/Are)hiseraseronthesofa? 2.(Wh
6、ere/What)areyourbaseball? 3.(Do/Does)Maryhaveaclock? 4.(Are/Do)theywanttoseeamovie? 5..(Is/Can)sheplaytheviolin? 6.I(don't/doesn't)likehamburgers. 7.WhydoesAlice(likes/like)music? 8.Who(am/is)yourfather? 9.(What/What's)herfavoritesubject? 10.Howmuch(are/is)hersocks? 11.I(am,is,
7、was,were)busylastweek. 12.TomandI(am,are,was,were)lateforschoolyesterday. 13.I(walk,walks,walked,walking)toschoollastSaturday. 14.Rose(doesnot,didnot,)visitherunclelastmonth. 15.There(is,was,are,were)alotofpeopleovertheretenyearsago. III.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。 如:look-loo