英语考试样卷.doc

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1、江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷考试科目：文献阅读与翻译      考试时间：XXXXXXDirections: AnswerthefollowingquestionsontheAnswerSheet.1.Howmanykindsofliteraturedoyouknow?Andwhatarethey?(5%)2.Howmanytypesofprofessionalpapersdoyouknow?Andwhatarethey?(5%)3.Whatarethemainlinguisti

2、cfeaturesofProfessionalPapers?(10%)4.Whatarethepurposesofabstracts?Howmanykindscantheabstractsberoughlyclassifiedinto?Andwhatarethedifferentkinds?(10%)5.Whatisaproposal?Howmanykindsofproposalsdoyouthinkarethere?Whatarethemainelementsofaproposal?(10%)

3、6.Giveyourcommentsonthelinguisticfeaturesofthefollowingpassage.(15%)BasicPoint-SetTopologyOnewaytodescribethesubjectofTopologyistosaythatitisqualitativegeometry.Theideaisthatifonegeometricobjectcanbecontinuouslytransformedintoanother,thenthetwoobject

4、saretobeviewedasbeingtopologicallythesame.Forexample,acircleandasquarearetopologicallyequivalent.Physically,arubberbandcanbestretchedintotheformofeitheracircleorasquare,aswellasmanyothershapeswhicharealsoviewedasbeingtopologicallyequivalent.Ontheothe

5、rhand,afigureeightcurveformedbytwocirclestouchingatapointistoberegardedastopologicallydistinctfromacircleorsquare.Aqualitativepropertythatdistinguishesthecirclefromthefigureeightisthenumberofconnectedpiecesthatremainwhenasinglepointisremoved:Whenapoi

6、ntisremovedfromacirclewhatremainsisstillconnected,asinglearc,whereasforafigureeightifoneremovesthepointofcontactofitstwocircles,whatremainsistwoseparatearcs,twoseparatepieces.Thetermusedtodescribetwogeometricobjectsthataretopologicallyequivalentishom

7、eomorphic.Thusacircleandasquarearehomeomorphic.Concretely,ifweplaceacircleCinsideasquareSwiththesamecenterpoint,thenprojectingthecircleradiallyoutwardtothesquaredefinesafunctionf:C→S,andthisfunctioniscontinuous:smallchangesinxproducesmallchangesinf(x

8、).Thefunctionfhasaninversef -1:S→Cobtainedbyprojectingthesquareradiallyinwardtothecircle,andthisiscontinuousaswell.OnesaysthatfisahomeomorphismbetweenCandS.OneofthebasicproblemsofTopologyistodeterminewhentwogivengeometricobjectsarehomeomorphic.Thisca