生物奥赛之生物化学重点串讲-----脂肪酸、氨基酸和核苷酸的代谢ppt课件.ppt

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1、脂肪酸、氨基酸、核苷酸的代谢Fattyacyl-CoAsynthetasesfattyacyl-CoAsynthetases脂肪酸的分解代谢acyl-CoAdehydrogenaseenoyl-CoAhydratase-hydroxyacyl-CoAdehydrogenaseacyl-CoAacetyltransferase氧化-2酮体的代谢脂肪酸的生物合成BiotincarboxylaseTrans-carboxylaseAcetyl-CoAcarboxylasecatalyzesthetwo-stepcarboxylationreactionofacetyl-

2、CoAintwoactivesites.脂肪酸合酶复合体脂肪酸合成与分解代谢调控乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（Acetyl-CoAcarboxylase）的别构调控与磷酸化修饰feedbackinhibition蛋白质氨基酸氨基酸衍生物(血红素、核苷酸等)碳骨架NH4+尿素,尿酸能量糖、脂氨基酸分解代谢转氨基作用、脱氨基作用氨甲酰磷酸的合成carbamoylphosphatesynthetaseIornithinetranscarbamoylasearginino-succinatesynthetasearginino-succinatesynthetaseargininosuc

3、cinatelyasearginase尿素循环Netreactionofureacycle:ThetwonitrogenatomsofureaarederivedfromAspandNH4+,withthecarbonatomcomingfromCO2.Thecarbonskeletonsofaminoacidsareoxidizedviathecitricacidcycle氨基酸的生物合成DephosphorylationDephosphorylationDeaminationDeaminationDeribosylationDeribosylationOxidat

4、ionOxidationDeaminationDephosphorylation嘌呤核苷酸的分解Succinyl-CoA嘧啶核苷酸的分解核苷酸的生物合成嘌呤核苷酸的从头合成!!嘧啶核苷酸的合成!!脱氧核苷酸的生成RegulationofAminoAcidBiosynthesisSeveralfeedbackinhibitionmechanismsarefoundtoworkinregulatingaminoacidbiosynthesis.ABCDP反馈抑制（feedbackinhibition）×Theglutaminesynthetaseisacc

5、umulativelyinhibitedbyatleast8allostericeffectors,mostlyendproductsofglutaminemetabolismGlutaminesynthetaseInterlockingregulatorymechanismsinthebiosynthesisofseveralaminoacidsderivedfromaspartateinE.coli.SequentialfeedbackinhibitionConcertedendproductinhibitionEnzymemultiplicityThedenov

6、osynthesisofAMPandGMPisregulatedmainlybysequentialfeedbackInhibition.ThebiosynthesisofAMPandGMPisregulatedbyfeedbackinhibitionPyrimidinenucleotidebiosynthesisisregulatedattheaspartatetranscarbamoylaseCTPATP代谢途径之间的联系与组织特异性肝脏中的糖代谢Metabolicpathwaysforglucose6-phosphateintheliver肝脏中的脂肪酸代谢肝脏

7、中的氨基酸代谢Coricycle肝脏与骨骼肌之间物质的传递Thealanine-glucosecycleCytosolreactionandmitochondrialreactionPyruvateistransportedintomitochondriaviaaspecifictransporterontheinnermembrane.TwospecificsystemstransportADPandPiintothematrixandATPouttothecytosol:adeninenucleotidetranslocaseandphospha