讲轨道力学enppt课件.ppt

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1、1任娟娟博士、副教授Ren,juanjuanPh.D.AssociateprofessorSchoolofCivilengineering,SouthwestJiaotongUniversityRailwayTrackEngineering铁路轨道2第四章轨道力学Trackmechanics本讲主要内容概述(Instruction)轨道结构竖向静力分析(Verticalstaticanalysisoftrackstructure)轨道强度检算(Calculationofstrengthoftrack)扣件力学分析( Mechanicsanalysisoffasteners)车辆

2、脱轨条件(Conditionsoftrainderailment)轨道不平顺(Trackirregularity)车辆曲线通过(Vehicleoncurvedtrack)轨道动力学简介(Introductionoftrackdynamics)3四、扣件力学分析Mechanicsanalysisoffasteners扣件的功能要求Functionrequirementoffasteners基本要求：联结、调整Basicrequirement:connection,adjustment力学要求：阻力（防爬）、弹性（减振）Mechanicalrequirements:resistan

3、ceelasticity弹性扣件组成Componentofelasticfastener弹性扣压件、轨下胶垫、板下胶垫Clip,railpad,railseatpad4四、扣件力学分析Mechanicsanalysisoffasteners1.扣件刚度(rigidityoffastener)：扣压件刚度(rigidityofbar-springclip),轨下胶垫刚度(rigidityofrubberpadunderrail)并联关系(Parallelrelationship)Kc/2KpKhKhKc/25四、扣件力学分析Mechanicsanalysisoffasteners

4、2.初始扣压力*(initialtoeloadoffastening)作用(function)：防爬(anti-creep)（R扣>R道）稳定钢轨每组扣件纵向阻力:(longitudinalresistanceofeachgroupoffasteners)单位长度纵向阻力：(longitudinalresistanceofperunitlength)小阻力扣件(Smallresistancefasteners)（R扣

5、配(stiffnessmatching)*初始扣压力：弹条初始变形≠胶垫初始变形(initialtoeloadoffastening)枕上动压力：弹条变形＝胶垫变形(sleeperdynamicpressure)为保证钢轨的稳定，需防止弹条松动Rd下压力防止胶垫松弛Rd上拔力7四、扣件力学分析Mechanicsanalysisoffasteners4.扣压力损失(lossoftoeloadoffastening)扣压力损失(lossoftoeloadoffastening)损失后的扣压力(toeloadoffasteningaftertheloss)应能保持防爬、防翻等作用（W

6、ithgoodanti-creepandanti-turnroundfunction）8五、车辆脱轨条件(Conditionsoftrainderailment)1.车轮脱轨类型(typeofwheelderailment)车轮爬轨脱轨(railcreepderailment):横向力、正冲角车轮滑上脱轨(wheelsliponderailment):横向力、负冲角车轮跳轨脱轨(wheeljumpingderailment):横向冲击、高速车轮悬浮脱轨(wheelsuspensionderailment):轮重减载至0车轮掉道脱轨(wheeloffthetrackderailm

7、ent):轨距过大轨道破坏脱轨(raildamagederailment):钢轨无法引导车轮复合脱轨(compositederailment):多种原因引起9五、车辆脱轨条件(Conditionsoftrainderailment)2.脱轨原因分析(causesofderailment)（1）轨道状态(trackcondition)外轨超高设置不当，导致轮重增减载(wheelloadincreaseorreduction)超高顺坡、三角坑、不均匀支承等使车体产生扭曲，引起轮重增减载和加剧横向