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1、Unit4Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsLearningaboutLanguage:Grammar我们知道在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语,宾语,表语,同位语,介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。Readthetwosentencesfirstly.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago……itwasnotclearwhethert
2、heshapewouldlastornot.通过观察,我们发现两句当中划线部分的句子都在复合句中起名词的作用,因此称之为主语从句。Discoveringusefulstructures主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等。观察下列例句,指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:1.Whatisneededforalongtripiscarefulpreparation.该句中主语从句是___________
3、________________,引导词为_____。Whatisneededforawhatlongtrip2.ThatJayZhouwillcometomycityexciteseverybody.该句中主语从句是_______________________________,引导词为_____。3.Whetherwewilltravelabroadornothasnotbeendecided.该句中主语从句是___________________________________,引导词为_________。ThatJayZhouwillWhetherwewillcometomyci
4、tythattravelabroadornotwhether4.Whoeverknowsthesecretmustn’ttellothers.该句中主语从句是________________________,引导词为________。5.Itremainsapuzzlewhydinosaursdiedoutsuddenlylongtimeago.该句中主语从句是________________________________________,引导词为_____。Whoeverknowsthewhoeverwhydinosaursdiedwhysecretoutsuddenlylongtim
5、eago【观察总结】通过分析上面例句,同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实,这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式,即:当一个句子主语过长时,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾,以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分:Itisnotclearhowtheaccidenthappened.Itisnothardtounderstandwhyhedidsoatthattime.Itisapitythatyoushouldhavemadesuchacarelessmistake.Itisreportedthatmorethanthirtydeathsw
6、erecausedintheaccident.不难看出,虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语,但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下:1.Itbe+n.+that从句2.Itbe+adj.+that从句,常见此类形容词有:important,necessary,clear,certain,natural,strange,obvious,likely,impossible,possible等。3.It+不及物动词+that从句Itseems/appears...that...似乎……Ithappened(tosb.)that...(某人)碰巧……4.It+be+过去分词+
7、主语从句Itissaid/reported/believed/suggested/known/provedthat...【要点精讲】1.what与that引导主语从句观察下列例句,试着翻译例句并总结其规律。(1)Whatyoulackisself-confidence.译为:_________________________你所缺乏的是自信。(2)Thatmoreandmorestudentsareadmittedint