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时间:2020-09-28
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1、CHAPTER3METHODSFORECONOMICANALYSIS3.1MethodsWithoutTimeValueofMoney3.2PresentValueAnalysis3.3AnnualValueAnalysis3.4RateofReturnAnalysis3.5GrowthRateofReturnAnalysis3.6ProfittoInvestmentRatio3.7MinimumRateofReturn经济评价原理:利润最大化原理π=B–CB——Benefit,C——EconomicCostsC:投入各种要素的机会成本,包括企业家的正常利润。π——超额利润。计算π的公
2、式如下:项目不仅能达到正常利润水平,且有超额利润。项目仅能达到正常利润水平。项目不能达到正常利润水平(但并不意味着亏损)项目不仅能达到正常利润水平,且有超额利润。项目仅能达到正常利润水平。项目不能达到正常利润水平(但并不意味着亏损)项目不仅能达到正常利润水平,且有超额利润。项目仅能达到正常利润水平。项目不能达到正常利润水平(但并不意味着亏损)π=B/Cπ=B-Cπ=(B–C)/C公式类型单方案经济可行性方案比选结论一致可以结论一致不可以结论一致不可以π=B-Cπ=B/Cπ=(B–C)/C3.METHODSFORECONOMICANALYSISInthisChapter,wewilldi
3、scussvariousmethodsusedforevaluatingeconomicfeasibilityofprojects.ThefoundationforthesemethodswaslaidinthepreviousChapterwhenwediscussedtheimportanceoftimevalueofmoneyanditsimpactonthecashflow.InthisChapter,wewillformalizethoseconceptsthroughvariousmethodsandillustratetheapplicationsofthesemetho
4、dsbynumerousexamples.Inevaluatingprojectswewillrestrictourattentiontoprojectsinvolvingmutuallyexclusivealternatives(互斥方案)only.Insimpleterms,mutuallyexclusivealternativesareexclusiveofeachother.Byselectingonealternative,wewillautomaticallyeliminatetheotheralternatives.Asimpleexamplewouldbebuyinga
5、computerforpersonaluse.Ifoneisinterestedinbuyingonlyonecomputerforpersonaluse,selectionofanyonecomputerfromanarrayofalternativeswillautomaticallyeliminatealltheotheralternatives.Forexample,ifonedecidestouseanIBM-compatiblePC,thenanotheralternative,Applecomputer,wouldbeautomaticallyeliminated.Int
6、hepetroleumindustry,inseveralinstancesonewilldealwithprojectswhereonlyonealternativewillhavetobeselectedafterevaluatingseveralalternatives.Someexamplesare:*Selectionofacontractortoconduct3-Dseismicsurveyforanexplorationventure.*Selectionofadrillingcontractortodrillawell.*Selectionofaservicecompa
7、nytoconductlogsurveys.*Selectionofapumpingunittoimprovetheproduction.*Evaluationofanin-filldrillingoptiontoincreasetheproduction.*Selectionofacompressortoincreasethegasproduction.Inalltheaboveprojects,wecanselectonlyoneofthe
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