Oracle 数据库培训材料ppt课件.ppt

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1、Oracle数据库培训材料(1)Objectives了解Oracle服务器体系结构了解建立Oracle用户连接需要的组件了解Oracle相关的管理工具了解如何创建一个数据库了解Oracle常用数据字典及其用途能够管理Oracle表空间、数据文件了解Oracle其他存储结构及其关系（段、分区、块…)了解Oracle口令安全及资源管理能够管理Oracle用户、角色及权限2OracleArchitecturalComponentsOracle体系结构介绍3Oracle服务器体系结构图4OracleServerIsadatabasemanagementsyste

2、mthatprovidesanopen,comprehensive,integratedapproachtoinformationmanagement.ConsistsofanOracleinstanceandanOracledatabase.5OracleInstanceIsameanstoaccessanoracledatabase.Alwaysopensoneandonlyonedatabase.Consistsofmemoryandprocessstructure.Howtoviewmemoryandprocess?SQL>showsga;SQL

3、>select*fromv$bgprocess;6OracleInstanceORACLE实例是存取和控制数据库的软件机制.系统全局区（SystemGlobalArea，简称SGA）和后台进程组成.ORACLE实例的系统标识符是SID.7EstablishingaconnectionandcreatingasessionConnectingtoanOracleinstanceconsistsofestablishingauserconnectionandcreatingasession.8OracledatabaseIsacollectionofdata

4、thatistreatedasaunit.Consistsofthreeprimaryfiletypes9PhysicalStructurethephysicalstructureofanOracledatabaseisdeterminedbytheoperatingsystemfilesthatprovidetheactualphysicalstoragefordatabaseinformation.ControlfilesDatafilesRedologfiles10MemorystructureOracle'smemorystructurecons

5、istsoftwomemoryareasknowsas:SystemGlobalArea(SGA):Allocatedatinstancestartup,andisafundamentalcomponentofanOracleInstance.ProgramGlobalArea(PGA):Allocatedwhentheserverprocessisstarted.11SystemGlobalArea(SGA)TheSGAconsistsofseveralmemorystructureSharedpoolDatabasebuffercacheRedolo

6、gbufferOtherstructuresTherearetwooptionalmemorystructuresthatcanbeconfiguredwithintheSGA:LargepoolJAVApool12SystemGlobalArea(SGA)SGA是ORACLE系统为实例分配的一组共享缓冲存储区用于存放数据库数据和控制信息，以实现对数据库数据的管理和操作13SharedPoolItconsistsoftwokeyperformance-relatedmemorystructures:LibrarycacheDatadictionaryca

7、cheSizedbytheparameterSHARED_POOL_SIZESQL>ALTERSYSTEMSETSHARED_POOL_SIZE=64M;14SharedPool共享池（SharedPool）由共享SQL区和数据字典区组成共享SQL区包括:SQL或PL/SQL语句的文本SQL或PL/SQL语句的语法分析形式SQL或PL/SQL语句的执行方案数据字典区用于存放数据字典信息行。15DatabaseBufferCacheItenablesgreatperformancegainswhenyouobtainandupdatedataItisman

8、agedthroughaleastrecentlyused(LRU)algori