《微观经济学》清华大学课件Ch6Demand需求函数的静态比较分析.ppt

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1、ChapterSixDemand需求函数的静态比较分析WhatDoWeDoinThisChapter?Weconductcomparativestaticsanalysisofordinarydemandfunctions--thestudyofhowordinarydemandsx1*(p1,p2,y)andx2*(p1,p2,y)changeaspricesp1,p2andincomeychange.Theoretically,nothingnew.Own-PriceChangesHowdoesx1*(p1,p2,y)changeasp1changes,hol

2、dingp2andyconstant?Supposeonlyp1increases,fromp1’top1’’andthentop1’’’.x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’)p1x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’’)p1’p1’’p1’’’x1*Own-PriceChangesOrdinarydemandcurveforcommodity1Fixedp2andy.x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’)p1x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’’)p1’p1’’p1’’’x1*Own-PriceCh

3、angesOrdinarydemandcurveforcommodity1p1priceoffercurveFixedp2andy.Own-PriceChangesThecurvecontainingalltheutility-maximizingbundlestracedoutasp1changes,withp2andyconstant,isthep1-priceoffercurve.Theplotofthex1-coordinateofthep1-priceoffercurveagainstp1istheordinarydemandcurveforco

4、mmodity1.TheCaseofCobb-DouglasUtilityFunctionTakeThentheordinarydemandfunctionsforcommodities1and2areOwn-PriceChangesandNoticethatx2*doesnotvarywithp1sothep1priceoffercurveisflatandtheordinarydemandcurveforcommodity1isarectangularhyperbola.x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’)Own-PriceChan

5、gesFixedp2andy.x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*(p1’’)p1x1*Own-PriceChangesOrdinarydemandcurveforcommodity1isFixedp2andy.TheCaseofPerfect-ComplementsUtilityFunctionWhatdoesap1price-offercurvelooklikeforaperfect-complementsutilityfunction?Thentheordinarydemandfunctionsforcommodities1and2areThe

6、CaseofPerfect-ComplementsUtilityFunctionOwn-PriceChangesWithp2andyfixed,higherp1causessmallerx1*andx2*.AsAsp1x1*Ordinarydemandcurveforcommodity1isFixedp2andy.Own-PriceChangesx1x2p1’p1’’p1’’’y/p2TheCaseofPerfect-SubstitutesUtilityFunctionThentheordinarydemandfunctionsforcommoditie

7、s1and2areandFixedp2andy.Own-PriceChangesx2x1p1x1*Fixedp2andy.p1’p2=p1’’p1’’’p1priceoffercurveOrdinarydemandcurveforcommodity1Own-PriceChangesUsuallyweask“Giventhepriceforcommodity1whatisthequantitydemandedofcommodity1?”Butwecouldalsoasktheinversequestion“Atwhatpriceforcommodity1wou

8、ldagi