城市社会学试题汇总.doc

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1、城市社会学复习题我们在实际背的时候发现很多题还不太完善，请自行酌情更改……前言3、Howdidclassicsociologistsunderstandurbanism城市性?a.Urbanismisafunctionofpopulationdensity(人口密度),sizeandheterogeneity[,hetərəudʒi'ni:əti](异质化).b.Secondaryrelationshipsreplaceprimarycontacts.c.Peoplearenotgenerallyknowntoothersasindividuals.d.Warmemotionalismisre

2、placedbycoldrationalism.e.Peoplearenotjudgedasindividualsbutinrelationtohowwelltheyperformtheirroles.第一章2、Physicalandsocialstructureofcitystate,anditshistoricalsignificancetothedevelopmentofhumansociety.a.Itisanindependentpoliticalunitconsistingofacityandsurroundingcountryside.b.Thecity-statehadgrea

3、tinfluenceonthefollowingpoliticsbecauseitstraditionofdemocracy[di'mɔkrəsi].Citizenshadtherighttovote.Butthecitizenshipwaslimitedtothosebornofcitizensandlimitedbyclassdistinctionandreligion.7.Explainthemeaningsandrelationofthetwoconcepts,“citystate”and“urbannation”.第二章2、Thesevenecologicalprocessesoff

4、eredbyMcKenzie.(1)Concentration:Thetendencyforanincreasednumberofpeopleorinstitutionstolocatewithinagivenarea.Itsdegreeismeasuredbydensity.(2)Dispersion:Thetendencyforthenumberofpeopleorinstitutionsinanareatodeclineandismeasuredbydensity.(3)Centralization:Thetendencyforcertainland-usefunctionstocome

5、togetheratanimportantpointinacitytosatisfycommonneeds.(4)Decentralization:Thetendencyofpeopleorfunctiontomoveawayfromapointofpivot.(5)Segregation(隔离):Withinanecologicaldistribution,thereiscompetitionforresourcesandadvantageouslocation.Oneconsequenceofconflictoverlocationisthetendencyforgroupsandinst

6、itutionstogatherincertainareas.The“shifting”ofpopulationandfunctionintoseparatehomogeneous[,hɔmə'dʒi:niəs]areasisregardedassegregation.(6)Invasion:Assumethatthereisasectionofacityoccupiedbyaparticulargroup.Asecondgroupbeginstomoveintotheterritoryanddisplacessomeoftheresidents.Theprocessofmovementofo

7、negroupintoterritoryoccupiedbyanotherisknownasinvasion.(7)Succession:Ifthesecondgroupdisplacesthefirstandtakeoverthearea,successionissaidtohaveoccurred.3、Whatkindoftrendsofurbangrowtharedescribedandex