全球视角宏观经济学课件.ppt

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1、MacroeconomicsInTheGlobalEconomyWeiweiShoolofEconomicsandFinanceJiaotongUniversityChapter1IntroductionTheapproachofMacroeconomicsSomeofthekeyquestionsaddressedbymacroeconomicsMacroeconomicsinhistoricalperspectiveProvidingabroaderframeworkformacroeconomicanalysisTheapproachofMacroeconomicsW

2、hatismacroeconomics?Macroeconomicsisthestudyofaggregatebehaviorinaneconomy.Whiletheeconomiclifeofacountrydependsonmillionsofindividualactionstakenbybusinessfirms,consumers,workers,andgovernmentofficials,macroeconomicsfocusesontheoverallconsequencesoftheseindividualactions.Forexample,prices

3、----priceindex.TheapproachofMacroeconomicsThebasicapproachofMacroeconomicsistolookattheoveralltrendsintheeconomy.Specialsummarymeasuresofeconomicactivity---GNP,thesavingrate,ortheconsumerpriceindex---givethe“bigpicture”ofchangesandtrends.Theseoverallmacroeconomicmeasuresprovidethebasicequi

4、pmentthatallowsmacroeconomiststofocusonthedominantchangesintheeconomy.Howdoeconomistsdotheirjob?First,trytounderstandonatheoreticallevelthedecisionprocessesofindividualfirmsandhouseholds.Second,trytoexplaintheoverallbehavioroftheeconomybyaggregating,oraddingup,allthedecisionsoftheindividua

5、lhouseholdsandfirmsintheeconomy.Third,givingempiricalcontenttotheorybycollectingandanalyzingactualmacroeconomicdata.SomeofthekeyquestionsaddressedbymacroeconomicsThemostimportantsinglemeasureofproductionintheeconomyistheGNP.EconomicgrowthandbusinesscyclesUnemploymentisasecondkeyvariabletha

6、tmacroeconomicsinvestigates.Athirdkeyvariablethatinterestsmacroeconomistsistheinflationrate.Thefourthmajorvariablethatmacroeconomistslookatisthetradebalance.MacroeconomicsinhistoricalperspectiveThecreationofmacroeconomicsEconomicstatisticiansbegantocollectandsystematizeaggregatedatawhichpr

7、ovidedthescientificbasisformacroeconomicinvestigations.Thecarefulidentificationofbusinesscycleasarecurrenteconomicphenomenon.TheGreatDepressionAnewtheoreticalframeworktoexplaintheGreatDepressionproposedbyKeynes.ThedevelopmentofmacroeconomicsKeynesianandneo-Key