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1、生态城市建设与城市绿地系统主讲人：王国兵一.城市生态环境概述ChallengesAir,Soilandwaterpollution（空气,土壤和水的污染）Watersystemsdamage（水系破坏）Loseofbiodiversity（生物多样性丧失）Population（人口密集）Noise（噪声）Climatechange（热岛效应）1DistributionofUrbanGreenSpaceLandscapeandEstheticForestTimberandFoodProtectionForestEducation,Cu
2、ltureandRecreationReligiousForest,TempleandMausoleumForest2DistributionofUrbanGreenSpace2.1TypesofUrbanGreenSpaceindistributedarea:SuburbanParkTreesandPlantsofStreet,Highway,YardPublicBuildingandGrounds,andResidentialCommunityRiparianOrchard,NurseryGardenandCropFieldRi
3、parianForest2.2TheStructureofUrbanGreenSpaceLife-formStructureandVerticalStructure(Aboveground)Arbor-----overstoryHerbs-layerShrubs-Understory2.3CompositionofUrbanVegetationSpeciesRichnessisLowManyExoticSpeciesMostlymanmadeNewethnicsofnature:animals,birds,fishesandmicr
4、obes3.1Spaces3.2Soil3.3Microclimate3.4Pollution(Airpollution,Waterpollution,soil,noises,lightandsoon)3.TheenvironmentofurbanareaSoilsinurbanGreenSpaceUrbansoilsareoftendrasticallyalteredbyconstructionactivity:TopsoilremovedentirelyCoverwithsubsoilSand,chemicalsandwaste
5、buildingmaterialsincorporatedCompactionsTopsoilisoftenremovedduringlanddevelopmentConstructionactivitiescancausesoilerosion.Thus,soilsfrequentlyare:PoisonsPoorlyaeratedResultinRisinggroundwatertableSoilorganismsdestroyedRootpermeabilityreduced19721993Thegrowingurbanhea
6、tislandcorrespondstothechanginglandcover.Thehottestareas(9-12degreesFabovebasetemperature)appearinredandexpandfromdowntownAtlanta(centerofimage),GwinnettCounty(upperright)andHartsfieldInternationalAirport(bottomcenter).Accordingtothestudy,theheatislandeffecthasincrease
7、denergyuseinbuildingsindowntownAtlantaby4%.LawrenceBerkeleyLaboratoriesinCaliforniaestimatesthatabout12%ofAtlanta'sairqualityproblemistheresultofheat.However,Atlanta'sexistingurbanforestprovidesseveralbenefits.TreesinAtlantacurrentlysavehomeownersbetween$9and$61insumme
8、rcoolingbills,dependingonhowwelltreesarestrategicallysitedaroundahome.Withinthecitylimitsalone,treesreduceenergyusage
