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1、thePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceUnit3GrammarThePresentPerfectTenseSentencestructure:主语+have/hasdone现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,并持续到现在或者是过去的动作对现在的影响.经常用于现在完成时的时间状语:recently,uptonow,sincethen,sofar,already,just,yet等.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceSentencestructure:subject+have/has+been+doneInwhat
2、casesdoweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道或没有必要说明的动作的执行者是谁。2.强调动作的承受者，而不是发出者。[肯定式]have/has＋been＋done[否定式]have/has＋not＋been+done[疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been+done?现在完成时的被动语态中发生的动作是对现在造成的影响与结果，强调与现在情况有联系。常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just,since,for,now,today,thismonth,thisyear,
3、thesefewdayslately(近来,最近)recently(最近)sofar(迄今为止)uptonow(到目前为止)eversince(从那时到现在)等。readittogethertry注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,takepartin,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]Greatchangeshave
4、beentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,r
5、eturn,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?HowmanyHarryPorterbookshasJ.K.Rowlingwritten?ShehaswrittensevenHarryPorterbooks.SevenHarryPo
6、rterbookshavebeenwrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgehasbeenbuiltbyChinese,whichisthelongestcross-seabridgeintheworld.AquamanhasrecentlybeendirectedbyJamesWan(温子仁).director1.JayChouhasputoutmanypopularsongs.ManysongshavebeenputoutbyJayChou.2.hisfans,Jay’snewsongs,b
7、y,accept,alreadyJay’snewsongshavealreadybeenacceptedbyhisfans.ShenzhouⅦ___________(sendup)on25,September.AndsixChineseastronauts_____________(send)intospacesofar.wassentuphavebeensentThedogshavebeenwelcomedinIKEAbyemployeeswhoofferthemcomfortwhenthetemperaturesdrop.Manyoldbuil
8、dings______________(pulldown)andnewfences____________(build)i
