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1、LovingandHatingNewYork练习题答案/answerⅠ. 1.Olmsted:FrederickLawOlmstedJr.(1870--1975),Americanlandscapearchitect.AHarvardgraduate(1894),hestudiedunderhisfather,FredcrickLawOlmsted,andbeganpracticeaslandscapearchitectin1895.HewaslandscapearchitectfortheMetropolitanParkSystemofBos
2、ton,1898--1920;BaltimoreParkandParkCommission,1902--1917;memberoftheNationalCapitalParkandPlanningCommissionin1929,andagainfrom1945.Heactedinconsultingcapacityforanddesignedportionsoftheparksorotherpublicimprovementsofmanytownsandcitiesandnumerousinstiutions,landsubdivisions
3、,andprivateproperties.AmonghisdesignsinWashingtonD.C.werethoseforRockCreekandAna-costiaParks,theMall,andtheWhiteHousegrounds.Hewrotenumerousarticlesandreportsonprofessionalsubjects. 2.Bach.JohnSebastianBach(1685--1750),Germancomposerandorganist,oneofthegreatestandmostinflue
4、ntialcomposersoftheWesternWorld.Hebroughtpoly-phonicbaroquemusictoitsculmination,creatingmasterfulandvigorousworksinalmosteverymusicalformknowninhisperiod.Bornintoagiftedfamily,Bachwasdevotedtomusicfromchildhood;hewastaughtbyhisfatherandlaterbyhisbrotherJohanncristoph.Hisedu
5、cationwasacquiredlargelythroughindependentstudies. SincefewofBach'smanyworkswerepublishedinhislifetime,exactdatescannotbefixedforallofthem,butmostcanbeplacedwithsomecertaintyintheperiodsofhislife.AtArnstadtandMiihlhausenhebeganaseriesoforgancompositionsthatculminatedinthegr
6、eatworksoftheWeimarperiod;thePassacagliaandFugueinCMi-nor.AtCothenheconcentratedoninstrumentalcompositions,especiallykeyboardworks:theChromaticFantasyandFugue;theEnglishSuites;andBookIofthecelebrated7"heWell-Tempered-Clavier.Healsowroteseveralun-accompainiedviolinSonatasandc
7、ellosuites,andtheBrandenburgConcertos,recognisedasthebestconcertigrossievercomposed.AsmusicaldirectorofStThomasatLeipzig,hecomposedmanyofhissuperbreligiouscompositions,theChristmasOratorio,theSt.]~lathewPassion,etc.TheprincipalkeyboardworksofthisperiodwereBookⅡofTheWell-Temp
8、eredClavierandthefourbooksofclavierpiecesintheClavierCibung,whichincludes:s
