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1、Figure34.28Mostreptilesareectothermic,absorbingexternalheatasthemainsourceofbodyheatBirdsareendothermic,capableofkeepingthebodywarmthroughmetabolism©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.TheOriginandEvolutionaryRadiationofReptilesTheoldestreptilianfossilsdatetotheCarbonif
2、erousperiodThefirstmajorgrouptoemergewereparareptiles,whichweremostlylarge,stockyquadrupedalherbivores©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.Asparareptilesweredwindling,thediapsidswerediversifyingThediapsidsconsistedoftwomainlineages:thelepidosaursandthearchosaursThelepid
3、osaursincludetuataras,lizards,snakes,andextinctmososaursThearchosaurlineageproducedthecrocodilians,pterosaurs,anddinosaurs©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.PterosaurswerethefirsttetrapodstoexhibitflightThedinosaursdiversifiedintoavastrangeofshapesandsizesTheyincluded
4、bipedalcarnivorescalledtheropods,thegroupfromwhichbirdsaredescended©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.DebatecontinuesaboutwhetherdinosaurswereendothermicorectothermicFossildiscoveriesandresearchhaveledtotheconclusionthatmanydinosaurswereagileandfastmovingPaleontologis
5、tshavealsodiscoveredsignsofparentalcareamongdinosaurs©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.Dinosaurs,withtheexceptionofbirds,becameextinctbytheendoftheCretaceousTheirextinctionmayhavebeenpartlycausedbyanasteroid©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.LepidosaursOnesurvivinglineageofle
6、pidosaursisrepresentedbytwospeciesoflizard-likereptilescalledtuataras©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.(a)Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)Australian thornydevil lizard(Moloch horridus)(b)(d)Easternboxturtle (Terrapenecarolina carolina)(c)Wagler’spitviper (Tropidolaemusw
7、agleri)(e)Americanalligator(Alligatormississippiensis)Figure34.29Figure34.29a(a)Tuatara(Sphenodonpunctatus)Theothermajorlivinglineageoflepidosaursconsistsofthesquamates,thelizardsandsnakesLizardsarethemostnumerousanddiversereptiles,apartfrombirds©2011PearsonE
8、ducation,Inc.Figure34.29bAustralianthornydevillizard (Molochhorridus)(b)SnakesareleglesslepidosaursthatevolvedfromlizardsSnakesarecarnivorous;somearealsovenomous©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.
